Use of Phrasal Verbs by Arab Writers in English Essay

Utilization of Phrasal Verbs by Arab Writers in English - Essay Example This paper delineates that Arab students of English abstain from utilizing the phrasal action words as a result of the degree of trouble just as to related with appreciating the precarious confused informal implications of phrasal action words. Numerous Several scientists, for example, Klienmann, Chiang, Dagut, and Laufer upheld the cases by made by Schachter that second language students abstain from utilizing phrasal action words on the grounds that the trouble that students experience when utilizing the phrasal action words. Since this paper examines whether Arab students of English utilize less phrasal action words than English essayists, the analyst chose to contrast with two arrangements of writings from two distinct scholars. The scientist experienced issues gathering these writings since he needed to discover ongoing articles. The creator went over some American and Saudi papers, for example, Saudi Gazette, Arab news, Asharq Alawsat, Yew New York Post, the Daily Time and the CNN. The scientist at long last chose to pick two scholars from a Saudi paper and another from the CNN. The primary essayist is a Saudi author, named Mshari Al-Zaydi who composes political articles in Asharq Alawsat Saudi paper and the other author is an American author, named Peter Hamby, who likewise composes political articles in the CNN. The specialist gathered 10 articles composed by Mshari Al-Zaydi and other 10 composed by Peter Hamby. The length of the picked articles length fluctuated from 400 to 800 words which were later on altered to a surmised 300 words article.

Should You Really Trust College Ranking Lists

Should You Really Trust College Ranking Lists SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Since the U.S. News World Report school rankings list appeared in 1983, school destined understudies and their folks have gotten very captivated with school positioning records. While the U.S. News rundown might be the most notable, there are a plenty of school positioning records out there. All utilization marginally various rules to rank schools and all case to be the best and generally dependable. In any case, would it be a good idea for you to confide in any of these rundowns? Would it be a good idea for you to utilize them when choosing which school to join in? Do they give any significant data? In this article, I'll answer those inquiries. I'll tell you the amount you can believe school positioning records. Besides, I'll clarify the upsides and downsides of these rundowns and how to utilize them to your advantage. How Are College Rankings Determined? Most positioning records utilize a mix of target measurements and abstract assessments dependent on review reactions to arrange their rankings. Target Numbers That Influence the Rankings These are the most widely recognized measurements utilized by the most well known school positioning records that help decide the rankings. Maintenance: Some rundowns utilize the rookie standard for dependability, the level of understudies who return for their sophomore years, to assist with deciding their rankings. The rationale behind utilizing this measurement is that if an understudy is content with a school and accepting the fundamental help, at that point she will return for her subsequent year. Likewise, records utilize the 6-year graduation rate, the level of understudies who graduate inside 6 years. On the off chance that a school is giving quality guidance and supporting its understudies, at that point most by far ought to have the option to graduate inside 6 years. Class Size: US News gauges the extent of classes with under 20 understudies and the extent with at least 50. The thought here is that exceptionally little and enormous classes are characteristic of having more assets. Likewise, understudies in littler classes get more consideration and customized guidance. Staff Salary: The thinking for utilizing this measurement is that schools that pay their personnel most liberally can pull in the best educators. Understudy Faculty Ratio: If there is a low understudy workforce proportion, at that point understudies can get more consideration and there will be more open doors for understudies to cooperate with teachers. SAT/ACT Scores: Schools with higher normal government sanctioned grades are viewed as being progressively specific and having all the more scholastically skilled understudies. Level of Students That Graduated in the Top 10% and 25% of Their High School Classes: Colleges whose understudies all graduated close to the highest point of their secondary school classes are judged decidedly for having the most elevated bore of understudy. Acknowledgment Rate: The rationale behind utilizing this number is that on the off chance that a school concedes just an exceptionally little level of its candidates, at that point those that it concedes are probably going to be the best and most brilliant. Normal Spending Per Student: US News ascertains spending per understudy by utilizing the normal spending per understudy on guidance, research, understudy benefits, and related instructive consumptions in the latest two monetary years. Spending on sports, quarters, and medical clinics doesn't tally. On the off chance that a school is spending more per understudy on training, at that point you might have the option to expect that its understudies have progressively instructive assets and quality guidance. Graduated class Giving Rate:The graduated class giving rate is the level of graduates who provided for the school, as a rule inside the most recent year or two. As indicated by different examinations, the graduated class giving rate is a proportion of understudy fulfillment. Be that as it may, I making the most of my involvement with Stanford, however I don't give to my place of graduation. Perhaps someone from Stanford will understand this and I'll quit getting ceaseless letters and calls approaching me for my cash. Money related Aid: Some rundowns measure the normal measure of monetary guide granted and others measure the level of budgetary need that is met. Better schools ought to have the assets to empower every single qualified understudy to go to paying little heed to monetary need. US News likewise quantifies how fulfilled understudies are with their monetary guide, however that is a substantially more emotional rating. Pay of Alumni: The rationale behind utilizing normal graduated class pay in school rankings is that universities that give phenomenal training and can offer great expert associations will have graduated class with significant compensations. Suppositions That Influence The Rankings Scholastics US News World Report depends intensely on undergrad scholarly notoriety in its rankings. The scholastic notoriety of a school is dictated by how top scholastics and executives at different universities evaluate its scholastics. US News likewise reviews advocates from secondary schools to rate the scholarly projects of universities to help decide scholastic notoriety. Princeton Review directs a study on how hard understudies work and the amount they get back for their endeavors to evaluate scholastics. Personal satisfaction Most school positioning records evaluate the personal satisfaction at a school through understudy overviews. Princeton Review grades personal satisfaction through understudy appraisals of their general bliss; the excellence, wellbeing, and area of the grounds; the solace of dormitories; the nature of food; the simplicity of getting around grounds and managing directors; the benevolence of individual understudies; the collaboration of various understudy types; and the nature of the school's relationship with the nearby community.† Just because this year in its rankings, Forbes utilized an understudy fulfillment review on Facebook where understudies were asked how fulfilled they were with their school from 1-5. Clearly, the rationale behind utilizing personal satisfaction estimations in rankings is that understudies ought to be glad in the event that they're going to a decent school. Aces of College Ranking Lists Find New Colleges School positioning records can acquaint you with universities that might be a solid match for you. I think this is presumably the most important thing about these rundowns. Numerous understudies are not as acquainted with littler, very much positioned schools. Seeing these schools on positioning records can incite an understudy to investigate them, concern them, and possibly go to a school he would not have recently thought of. For instance, schools like Harvey Mudd and Williams are phenomenal schools that may not be as esteemed or have a similar name acknowledgment as Harvard or Yale, yet they reliably rank profoundly in school positioning records. Give Extensive Data to You to Compare Schools In one positioning show, you can see the normal class size, secondary school GPA, or SAT/ACT score for a wide range of universities. These rundowns can offer you an asset for numerical correlations. In case you're thinking about a couple of various universities, you can allude to a rankings rundown to look at the accessible insights for each school and that may assist you with narrowing down your rundown of schools to apply to. Give You an Idea of What Others Think While the rankings can be questioned and these rundowns are abstract, school positioning records do give some knowledge into the notorieties of various universities. Graduate schools and bosses frequently consider the notorieties of various schools when they decide. Setting off to a #12 versus a #20 school will most likely have little effect on those choices; in any case, heading off to a #12 versus a #200 school could. Realize What You Need to Do to Be a Qualified Applicant A significant number of the positioning records give you the normal secondary school GPA, state sanctioned grades, and the level of understudies who graduate in the top 10% and 25% of their secondary school classes. From these numbers, you can figure out what you have to do to make yourself serious for admission to a particular school. On the off chance that you need to have a conventional shot at getting into a specific school, your numbers should contrast well with those of the normal understudy there. Cons of College Ranking Lists A portion of the models used to assess universities are profoundly emotional. For US News World Report, top scholastics and secondary school instructors answer review inquiries regarding other schools' scholarly projects. It is safe to say that they are very much educated enough to have instructed conclusions on the scholarly projects of universities they may have never worked at nor joined in? Is it accurate to say that they are simply depending on noise and the notorieties of these schools to respond to these inquiries? Additionally, some personal satisfaction evaluations may not represent normal differences in assessments. On the off chance that the grounds of a school in a provincial domain is positioned as delightful, that implies little for the understudy who inclines toward urban conditions and would locate the rustic grounds unappealing. A portion of the rules used to rank schools may have no genuine effect on your instructive experience. The pace of graduated class giving and selectivity of a school will likely not sway the nature of guidance you'll get at a specific school. Understudies can get excessively centered around the rankings as opposed to making sense of which school is the best fit for them. There's most likely very little distinction in the nature of instruction at a #5 school versus a #10 school. The #10 school might be a greatly improved fit for an understudy who could exceed expectations scholastically at both. At long last, schools are exceptionally spurred by the rankings. They'll persuade understudies who have minimal possibility of getting acknowledged to apply to expand their selectivity rating. They'll spend innumerable hours and gigantic assets hitting up graduated class for cash to up their graduated class giving rates. Maybe these schools could improve their scholarly projects or bolster administrations on the off chance that they dispensed their assets regardless of school rankings. School positioning records can be both acceptable and awful. What Do Some College Experts Think? By and large, in my exploration, the specialists on record appear to have reverberated a portion of my suppositions about school rankings. Jeffrey Brenzel, Dean of Admissions at Yale from 2005-2013, accepts that school positioning records are of constrained an incentive to understudies:

The U.N Humanitarian intervention in Syria PART 2 Case Study

The U.N Humanitarian mediation in Syria PART 2 - Case Study Example Article 1 and 2 of the Charter of the United Nations diagrams the significance of perceiving the power of countries and their self-determinacy (Repertoire of the act of the security committee 1). The contract denies part states from compellingly mediating in the inside issues of different states except if they either effectively look for the endorsement of the UN Security Council or respond to shield their fringes from outside powers. This has assumed a significant job in the philanthropic intercession, or absence of, in Syria. It has offered a snag for any country ready to intercede so as to end the present emergency present in Syria. This limitation additionally covers the foundation of no fly zones and giving weapons to the dissident powers in Syria (United Nations 1). It is accepted that amazing countries with perpetual seats in the Security Council have utilized this arrangement to leave any endeavor of intercession in Syria with Russia and China being the key denounced. At the point when the charges of the utilization of concoction weapons by the legislature of Syrian on regular folks and radicals in the district of Ghouta on 19 March 2013 surfaced, the United Nations set out on a reality discovering mission and introduced an accursing report that featured the utilization of sarin on regular citizens (United Nations 1). Thusly, the UN Security Council during its sittings demonstrated an uncommon solidarity and passed Resolution 2118 trying to guarantee that the utilization of compound weapons on regular people isn't rehashed. The goals requested the obliteration of the concoction weapons and denied the assembling, collection and move of synthetic weapons by Syria. Inability to stick to the conditions set, the Security Council may force punishments on Syria according to Chapter VII of the UN Charter (Repertoire of the act of the Security Council 1). The United Nations, along with the League of Arab States, has assumed a key job in the pursuit of a quiet political arrangement in Syria.

Health Care Policies in a Hospital Unit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social insurance Policies in a Hospital Unit - Essay Example This paper will address a necessary change in charging and recovering of installment from insurance agencies and patients in an emergency clinic unit. In medicinal services, a wellbeing approach can be characterized as an activity that is normally embraced so as to accomplish a specific human services objective inside the general public (Feldstein, 2011). There are a few classes of wellbeing arrangements in the social insurance framework. These arrangements are generally checked on so as to improve the administrations gave through the social insurance framework. The human services arrangements are planned for fathoming or tending to an issue inside the social insurance establishments. Scientists declare that the use in medicinal services is gradually outpacing the GDP in many nations. This paper will utilize a potential arrangement that can address the issue of charging and recovering of installment from insurance agencies and patients in the clinic unit. The production of an approac h as a rule incorporates three fundamental advances. These means incorporate the definition stage, authoritative stage and the usage stage. In the definition stage, the arrangements are generally investigated by proficient specialists in the clinical field. The administrative stage is the most fundamental stage in the formation of a strategy. This is the stage whereby the arrangement is established through the help of the officials (Feldstein, 2011). Ultimately, the usage stage is the last stage whereby the intercession of the approach is performed. For this situation, the bind exists in the charging office which additionally manages recovering of assets from insurance agencies. The installment framework in a social insurance establishment manages handling the installments for the administrations offered in the human services foundation. All together for the social insurance organizations to address this pickle, they ought to apply the compensation per execution arrangement. This ap proach is one of the rising patterns in medical coverage (Forman, 2008).

Using Environmental Essay Samples For Your Problem Statement

Using Environmental Essay Samples For Your Problem StatementEnvironmental essay samples can be used in different ways by an academic in a thesis or dissertation. It can also be used as a self-review for students. However, the latter is definitely more effective since it gives a chance to choose a topic and write in-depth about a topic that you are more interested in. The essay can also serve as a review of a topic that has already been covered in a similar manner.You should start your environmental problem statement with the goal to use some old techniques or theories that have been utilized by the past generations. This includes old concepts such as Karl Marx's economic theory. After all, if your topic is environmentalism, it would not be surprising if you end up using his theories on communism and socialism, if they were applicable to your case.The problem statement is the first thing you need to address before going on to the next phase, which is the analysis of the big portion of the overall problem. Based on the three components, you would then be able to evaluate which one is the most significant to tackle first. Once this is done, you would then have the opportunity to address the second component that you thought should be the biggest concern.After that, you could be well on your way to the end of your problem statement, depending on how far you have come with the first two components. As a result, you would then be in a position to concentrate on the final one.There are lots of environmental essay samples for this type of problem statement. However, you would be well advised to use essays that have been written by individuals who can share their experiences. You could also use books that have been written about the subject.The environmental problem statement is one of the most effective methods that can be used to increase your students' interest in the environment. It does not only focus on students; it also gives them an opportunity to learn more abo ut the subject and gain new perspectives on the whole process. The more students that you are able to teach about the subject, the better because this means that you will have more students to teach as well.However, environmental essay samples are not the only source of information. You could also use magazines and other publications, as long as you keep in mind that they should be informative and entertaining, not just a plain academic exercise. Remember that once you have covered these three parts of the problem statement, you would need to add the fourth component. This is the last one, and you would need to be careful in the details.Use essay samples and environmental essay samples in your problem statement to make sure that your students are knowledgeable and informed about the subject. After all, if they are not aware of some key facts, then your goals will become distant from reality.

If the Obama were a unit of measure . . .

If the Obama were a unit of measure . . . Wait, have you heard? I mean, its only been published all over the MIT homepage, in three or four different blog entries, all over the news, and is the talk of campus. . . President Obama came and visited on Friday(!), giving an address on clean energy. As prestigious as MIT is, and as brilliant as some of the professors are, we still get super excited when something like this happens (kind of equivalent to when famous baseball players ask for autographs from the people theyre playing against). The announcement was on Tuesday, with MIT only finding out about the visit the weekend before. MIT went into scramble mode, which is always fun to watch. It doesnt go into scramble mode very often, the only other times Ive seen it are immediately prior to CPW and before the Dalai Lama came and visited. Scramble mode, if youll let me draw another comparison, is like when you have 10 minutes before your parents come upstairs to check to see if you cleaned your room. MIT was repairing buildings, pressure washing everything in sight, replacing windows, emptying stores of hazardous chemicals, and beautifying MIT just as fast as they possibly could. All of this was fine and good, and I kind of enjoyed watching how MIT prioritized what was being cleaned where (you could pretty much predict the route Obama was going to take based on how clean the sidewalk was), but I expected that to be the most of my Obama-Visit-Experience. Word on the street was that MIT, as an entire institute, had received 200 tickets to allocate however they saw fit. That means all of the faculty, administration, undergraduates, and graduate students had to share 200 tickets. In the end, 50 of those tickets went to undergraduates, typically those who are doing some kind of work with energy or that deans felt would benefit the most from Obamas address. Needless to say, the MechE student who doesnt have a UROP and would rather build toys than wind farms was not chosen for a ticket. So that was that, Id stalk around and try to get some money shots of snipers and motorcades but in terms of actually seeing the president speak, it was a no go. That is, until I realized I worked for the Admissions office. Hmmmmm, I write for a website that prospective students read so that they can see what cool opportunities await them at MIT. This seems like a cool opportunity . . . I smell a PRESS PASS! Turns out, Jess had a similar idea, and both of us e-mailed the powers at be (Dave) and asked if we could have press passes. 2 days and many strings pulled later, guess who had tickets to the address! WEEEEE! Seriously. This was cool stuff. Everybody all over campus was abuzz about how only 50 students were going to be chosen and complaining about how more should be invited etc, and now all of a sudden I was going to see the President! On Thursday evening, the evening before Obama arrived, the Secret Service and Security had taken over MIT. All of the garbage cans from around Kresge (the auditorium) were trucked off, all the manholes and steam vents were welded shut (seriously) and tons of other invisible-to-me security measures were enacted. Friday morning I woke up at 7:00 after having gone to bed at 4:30 (PSETs are brutal). I dressed nicely and headed to lab to get some work done before the big event. I made sure to bring my ticket with me: On my way to campus I noticed that it was a little more difficult this morning, difficult enough that they provided signs. and had everything blocked off with cones I spent some time in lab, built some yoyos (my team is getting REALLY excited about these yoyos, theyre actually coming out how we expected, and were 2 weeks ahead of all the other teams), and then went to get in line. The ticket told me to get in line at 10:30AM. I got there at 10:00AM and what did it look like? Yeah. I was like, last. Ok, Im last in every line that I join, but you know what I mean. Time went fast, luckily enough, because eavesdropping on people attending an Obama address is AWESOME! Lets see, the guy in front of me helped design Fenway park, somebody behind me appeared to know every single congressman ever, and so on and so forth. I was standing next to Julia 13, who also got a ticket (one of the 50, as a freshman!), and we chatted about how we were totally out of our element, about how excited we were, about security, about whether we were going to see Marine 1 or a motorcade, etc. Oh, speaking of snipers, we spotted this guy chilling on the Z-center. Whats that black dot? Ah. Sniper. Gotcha. Eventually we wound our way into the auditorium (after three ticket checks) and towards the metal detector. The metal detector was relatively routine, until they saw my smartpen*. You see, the plan was to make a pencast of the address, taking digital notes and recording Obamas voice on my pen. Guess what the Secret Service had never heard of before. My pen. I had to explain what it did, let them pass it around (almost gave them a demo), and eventually they cleared it. I didnt beep so I didnt get frisked or wanded, and then Julia and I headed inside. We saw a bunch of empty seats up front that we immediately headed for, only to realize that we werent nearly special enough to sit in those seats. We ended up about 7 rows back and on the right side of the auditorium. It was 10:30. The speech started at 12:30. We werent allowed to leave. We didnt know anybody. Whats one to do? Take pictures and wander of course. I wanted to hobnob with the important people but Im pretty sure they didnt want to talk to me. Professor Sadoway was a little less afraid, standing up at the front with the senators and mayors, presumably talking about his research. I feel like this is the Ok, which multi-millionaire can I tell about my battery research next? look. Then I took some pictures of the scene around me. The first thing I noticed, surprisingly, was the amount of room the news cameras took up. No wonder they couldnt invite more than 200 people from MIT, 200 more seats were taken up by cameras! Sam Range 13 (my prefrosh for CPW last year) is a photographer for The Tech and was forced to hang out behind all of the video cameras in the roped off area. He got some good pictures though, Ill show you one later. Next was the stage, all decked out for the occasion. The flags all looked identical, and the lady next to me told me the trick. They put a coat hanger up inside the flags at the top to give them similar angles, and then tape the back of the flag to the flag pole so they all lay flat. Betcha didnt know that! The shrubberies were a nice touch, but we couldnt figure out what those black screens were for, flanking the podium. The nearest we could figure, Secret Service was just laying behind them, waiting for something bad to happen so they could jump up and go all ninja on everybody. Makes sense, right? Right. After two hours of waiting, I made my way to my seat. A lady came out onto the stage, was introduced, and sang the National Anthem (very well) and we all cheered, remaining on our feet. We stood there awkwardly for about 2 minutes, completely silent, expecting the President to be announced, but nothing happened. Eventually the sound guys played the same classical music theyd been playing for the last two hours and we all laughed and sat down for another 15-20 minutes. Soon a man came out and put the seal on the front of the podium, and we all got quiet again, expecting something to happen. False alarm. After some more waiting and more classical music (and talking about MIT Admissions with the woman next to me, who knows somebody applying this year), a side door opened and some bigwigs came in, including the governor and the mayor. Everybody clapped really loudly, this must be it! Then, from the other side of the auditorium, my side (like, 20 feet in front of me), John Kerry walked in. So, the thing about John Kerry is that, well, he looks EXACTLY like John Kerry. No joke, its like Hey! Thats the guy from JibJab! Try JibJab Sendables ¬Ã† eCards today! The gravity of this whole thing kind of clicked in when I saw John Kerry. Hes an important guy, and hes just standing right there! Like, RIGHT there, in front of me. I could throw my cell phone at him and hit him (itd be the last thing I ever did, but I could have!). Then, all of a sudden, we heard it. A voice, as if from god, saying: Now, introducing our speaker, the President of MIT, Susan Hockfield! False Alarm AGAIN! No offense Dr. Hockfield, but you werent the most important president in the room right then. Susan Hockfield came up and gave a nice introduction, welcoming us, and then said It is my great pleasure to introduce Professor Moniz! GAH! Another False Alarm! I couldnt take much more! Finally, FINALLY, Professor Moniz said And now, the President of the United States, Barack Obama! (not an exact quote, but you get the idea). The room roared and leaped professionally to its feet. There he was. Barack Obama strolled across the stage. Our stage. The stage that we put a moonbounce on just for kicks. The stage that Ive stood on dozens of times. The stage that was presently 30 feet away from me. The President. GAH! You can feel it, you know, when he walks on stage. For some reason it becomes immediately obvious just how important this guy is, hes in charge of our country. Country, as in all the people Ive ever met. He began his speech the way most do, and Ill save you the specifics because I took notes and you can listen to it yourself. I will take the opportunity to show you a picture I took of Obama with my very own camera. Thats right, the President is in my camera. and heres the picture Sam Range took. His is, um, better. But mine looks more amateur (which = real). So go ahead and listen to his speech, or at least the first several lines when he rags on Harvard and praises MIT hackers (score++). Youll want to skip ahead to about 27 minutes into this pencast. I paused the pen during recording, which apparently just inserts silence into the recording, which a stupid implementation that Livescribe needs to fix. Anyway, wait for it to buffer about halfway and then either click the word Introducing in the top left or drag the slider to the 27:00 mark. Live from President Obamas Clean Energy Address at MIT brought to you by Livescribe And like that, it was all over. Obama left on the left side of the stage and headed down the front row, shaking hands with all of the important people on his way out. This was going to be the chance when I could get closest to him, and I had a mission. Mission? Allow me to explain. The floor I live on at MIT has this silly little tradition of assigning units of measure to people, units that measure something that person is known for. For example, 1 Snively is equivalent to 1 byte wasted on the Internet. A Tang is a measure of orthogonality to normal conversation (meaning 90 degrees of Tang will sever a conversation clean in two, creating a really uncomfortable silence) and an Itani is the unit of negative tact (meaning if you are tactless, you get 1 Itani). You can read more about the origins of this tradition here. Several years ago, ex-blogger Sam Maurer 07 visited the set of the Colbert Report and decided that he should ask Stephen Colbert what his unit was. The fact that he actually asked Stephen Colbert, in person, is somewhat legendary. Now, I was about to be in the same room as the President of the United States. There was no WAY I was leaving that room without asking President Obama what his unit would measure. I didnt know how it was going to happen, but it was going to, and it might involve scolding by important members of the audience and the Secret Service, but once in a lifetime opportunities only come once. So, as I said, Obama was going to walk right in front of me. I pushed my way up to the second row of seats but was way too short for Obama to see me, so in the words of James 11, I went in guns blazing. I climbed onto the armrests of the chairs and stood about 3 feet above everybody else. Obama was RIGHT there! I struck: PRESIDENT OBAMA! I screamed, PRESIDENT OBAMA! he looked at me. IF THE OBAMA WERE A UNIT OF MEASURE, WHAT WOULD IT MEASURE??? he smiled and shook somebodys hand. Every around me laughed and told me it was an awesome question and that I should try asking again. Obama was getting closer to the door, I only had one more chance. PRESIDENT OBAMA! he looked at me and said Hi! Totally unfazed by the fact that Barack Obama had just said Hi to me, I tried again. IF THE OBAMA WERE A UNIT OF MEASURE, WHAT WOULD IT MEASURE!? he just smiled again. And then he was gone. And then I got tapped on the leg. I looked down and a member of the MIT event staff looked up at me. Secret Service is going to ask you to get down. This I knew, so I got down off the chairs and stopped making a scene. Those people who have met me know that I can be very loud when necessary, so anybody within a 30 foot radius of me had heard me yelling at the President (and seen me because I was standing on chairs). Im pretty sure I had instantly been flagged by Secret Service and they were on their way over. Sure enough, once I was on the ground, I was met by my favorite humor-less suited friends. Next time please stay on the ground. Ok. I said. Sure. Next time. Next time Im that close to the President Ill make sure not to climb on chairs. Roger. is what I thought. So, the verdict on Obamas unit? Unless he officially rebukes this and offers an alternative unit, the official unit of Obama is equivalent to Smiling at somebody and subsequently completely ignoring them. If you hear somebody, smile at them, and then ignore one, youve earned 1 Obama. The end! I mean, after that I grabbed some lunch and went to lab to crank out yoyos. A once in a lifetime opportunity to be sure. Its not every day that you get to see snipers, the President, and he says hi to you while you make a scene and draw the gazes of all the Secret Service agents in the room. But it was a good day. A gooooooood day. *According to new revisions to section 255.5 of the FTC Guides Governing Endorsements and Testimonials, Im obliged to inform you that Im currently employed as a marketer by Livescribe, manufacturer of the Pulse Smartpen. You are so informed. Post Tagged #Unit of Measure

E-examination System/Online Examination System - 1375 Words

E-examination System/Online Examination System (Coursework Sample) Content: Individual Report E-examination System/Online Examination SystemStudent NameUniversity/CollegeDate of SubmissionTitle: Online Examination System for CEPS1.1 Requirements Gathering ProcessI conducted the requirements gathering process via questionnaires. The design, evaluation and administration of survey questionnaires constituted an elaborate process that required significant input of resources. Thus so as to reduce measurement errors, we sought to be well versed with the design and evaluation process of survey questionnaires. Secondly, i endeavored to understand diverse sources of measurement error that could possibly jeopardize data quality and credibility. The questionnaire design and evaluation is a basic survey process model. I made use of the process model that encompasses eight overlapping phases. In phase 1, i used observation which is the most fundamental tenet of research. During this phase, i observed the activities, behaviors and events within multifacete d contexts. I employed the bottom up questionnaire processing approach. I took this approach bearing in mind that what both respondents and interviewers receive through observation is important, given that a significant disparity between the survey participants and content specialists knowledge of the subject matter could render the entire process of evaluating questionnaires difficult. Consequently, i sought to determine what my target populations (CEPS students) know about the subject matter (e-examination systems). To achieve this objective, i drafted interview questions that would establish the respondents knowledge of e-examination systems, how they acquired this knowledge and also how accurate and reliable their knowledge of the subject matter was.In the second phase, I sought to determine the observation based knowledge of the subject matter expert team members and in particular I interviewed the questionnaire content specialists team members. Moreover, I also interviewed ind ividuals who share similar characteristics with the probable survey participants. This approach emphasizes expert observation of the correspondents behavior and attributes. In phase 3, also referred to as conceptualization phase, I studied my domain of interest which was online examination systems and I organized it into concepts-based categories (Beatty, 1995). I assumed the primary responsibility for observation and conceptualization and the execution of other tasks related to conceptualization of the subject matter. During phase 4 also referred to as the assessment phase, I sought for an independent professional observer to check and correct my conceptual knowledge and assumptions in order to minimize errors. During Phase 5, also known as the operationalization phase, I assumed the task of translating survey concepts into questionnaire items (Tourangeau, 1984). In Phase 6, also known as OP assessment or questionnaire pretesting phase, I collaborated with my other team members who acted as content specialists to draft a plan for testing the draft questionnaire to ascertain its operational functionality. I begun the testing with an assessment of how various research participants process questionnaire cognitively through understanding, deduction and opinion (Willis, 1991). Nonetheless, there also exist other methods of testing questionnaires.Phase 7, also known as the administration phase comes after the conclusion of the pretesting phase. During this phase, I iterated between phases1 to 6 to determine the necessity for modifications. Hence after the completion of questionnaire and metadata modifications, I finalized the questionnaire in readiness for the production environment. Finally, the questionnaire entered phase eight, also referred to as the quality assessment phase. During this phase, I conducted a post-implementation quality assessment test periodically to establish whether or not the questionnaire was effectively capturing and measuring the concepts that our group had specified (Udman Bradburn, 1982).1.2 Critical evaluation of the requirements gathering approachThe approach that we used incorporates inter-depended sources of measuring error occurrence during the questionnaire administration phase. Thus Latek defines measurement error as the disparities that occur between respondents attributes when matched with the survey responses (Latek, 1985). He further differentiates four different sources of measurement error which he identified as the interviewer, respondent, the questionnaire and the data collection method (1985, pp.163-166). Thus in describing measurement that emanate from our questionnaire, its fundamental that a clear distinction be made between the contribution of our group members acting as content specialists, and those acting as design specialists. This distinction is critical given that each group was assigned a different role in the questionnaire design and evaluation process and also considering that each gr oup posses specialized skills for handling issues and problems that could be either technical or conceptual (Schwarz, 1996). Hence evaluated from a functional standpoint, content and design specialist members constituted an integrated working team which we also called the questionnaire design and evaluation team (Latek, 1985). On the other hand, the team members that included the interviewer, the respondent and the data collection methodologies were referred to as the data collection team. The content specialists played a pivotal role in the observation and conceptualization phase where their primary responsibility was to design the questionnaire and define the subject domain (Akkerboom Dehue, 1997). They also defined key subject concepts and categories while also differentiating theoretical variables. The role of design specialists of which I was a member was to transform conceptual specifications submitted by content specialists and come up with a comprehensible and clear questio nnaire items. This was a challenging endeavor given that the conceptual specifications were unclear and needed to be clearly defined. I acted as the lead interviewer and my primary mandate was to administer the survey questionnaire in a standardized fashion while significantly minimizing measurement error (Willis, 1991). As the interviewer, I had to take in insurmountable blame from both content and design specialists as the primary source of measurement error. However, some of the blame was misplaced given that some sources of measurement error had emanated from the initial questionnaire design and evaluation work. In order to improve questionnaire quality, its imperative that cognitive errors that may occur in each phase of administering the questionnaire be checked (Belson, 1981). We employed various strategies for identifying questionnaire related anomalies, thereby significantly reducing measurement error. Thus respondents must be motivated to fully take part in the survey by e ngaging them in fulfilling behavior that would consequently diminish their contribution to the overall measurement error. As one of the interviewers, I engaged the respondents in a more gratifying one-on-one interaction that motivated them to give credible responses thereby greatly reducing the measurement error. In addition, data collection method has a significant effect on the degree of the measurement error (Akkerboom Dehue, 1997).Design and evaluation of the questionnaire was potentially iterative and bidirectional as various phases had to be reviewed and necessary modifications effected. I noted that measurement error seemed to be coming from the various roles and tasks that we expedited as a team, and particularly from the survey administrative phase. We noted that measurement error could be significantly reduced if we as the design and evaluation team had a better definition of the tasks related to the observation and conceptualization phase (Akkerboom Dehue, 1997). This c ould have been achieved if the survey sponsors, notably CEPS would have provided a comprehensive documentation of the proposed e-examination system. Besides, measurement error could have been drastically reduced if design specialists in our team would have worked in collaboration with the subject matter experts to submit the necessary requirements for effectual evaluation of the work (Schwarz, 1995). Submission of documentation for the envisaged online examination system by the CEPS would have empowered the design team members to effectively interpret survey concepts so as to derive relevant questionnaire items. Therefore given that we did not receive documentation for the proposed online examination system, our design team was ill prepared to handle the development and evaluation process (Willis, Royston Bercini, 1991).1.3 Discussion of alternative approachesDespite its widespread usage in capturing research data, questionnaires have limitations that make them inappropriate for us e in certain research scenarios. There exist two other approaches of data collection that we could have opted for. These are personal and phone interviews. Personal interview would have been the most viable alternative approach given its numerous benefits. The benefits of using personal interview include richness of response, allows room to elucidate misconceptions, permits interviewers to follow up responses and finally, measurement error is significantly reduced (Schwarz Sudman, 1996). When this alternative approach is followed, better data is captured as compared to the use of questionnaires. It has also been established that respondents are more conscientious during personal interviews due to the presence of the interviewer, unlike questionnaires. Moreover, there is a higher response rate when personal interview approach is used compared to the questionnaire.A...

Nature A Reflection Of Human Life - 1094 Words

Nature — A Reflection of Human Life: Small Peasant Economy vs. Industrial Capitalism in The Bee-pasture and Covers the Ground The leading American artist Andy Warhol once said, â€Å"I think having land and not ruining it is the most beautiful art that anybody could ever want to own.† In The Bee-pastures and Covers The Ground, the conservationist John Muir and the environmental activist Gary Snyder both value nature as a reflection of human life. By depicting the original beauty and negative change of nature, the authors praise the diligent lifestyle of peasants, criticize the environmental and economic damage that industrial Capitalism causes and wish to promote the idea of humanitarianism. The original beauty of nature is a reflection of the peasants’ diligent working style in both texts. The â€Å"wild bees† and the â€Å"restless, wild agriculture†(28) represent the earnest labor life of peasants in the mid-19th century. Furthermore, Muir describes the hum of bees as â€Å"monotonous, ye t forever fresh and sweet as every-day sunshine.†(26) The depiction combines vision, smell and the audible senses, which present a repetitive yet hardworking and pleasant lifestyle of peasants and suggest a harmony relationship between man and nature. Similarly, in Covers The Ground, Gary Snyder praises the accomplishment of peasants by referring to Muir’s lines. He recalls that California’s land was â€Å"one sweet bee-garden†(30) and â€Å"one smooth bed of honey-bloom†(31) at the beginning and end of the poem.Show MoreRelatedWilliam Wordsworth Poetry Analysis968 Words   |  4 Pages Individual Powers: Reflection, Imagination, and Feeling gives the poet, William Wordsworth, a chance to reflect upon his life. He writes this renown piece of literature at a time that the world is rapidly changing and shifting. 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THE LEGAL SYSTEM AND THE COURTS - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2289 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? TOPIC 10 THE LEGAL SYSTEM AND THE COURTS 10.1 THE LABOUR COURT 10.1.1The Director-General 10.1.2Appeals 10.2 THE INDUSTRIAL COURT 10.2.1Employment Disputes 10.2.2Composition of the Industrial Court 10.2.3Reference by the Minister 10.2.4The Jurisdiction of the Industrial Court 10.3 JUDICIAL REVIEW IN THE HIGH COURT TOPIC10 THE LEGAL SYSTEM AND THE COURTS 10.1 THE LABOUR COURT The court is only an arbitrator instead of a court of law which is empowered by the Employment Act 1955. Under this Act, the Labour Department under the Ministry of Human Resources bears the responsibility to make sure that the employers and employees follow the Employment Act 1955. It has the power to investigate and to resolve any dispute arising between the employer and employee (Part XIV and XV of the Employment Act 1955).. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "THE LEGAL SYSTEM AND THE COURTS" essay for you Create order To put it in a nutshell, the department performs its judicial function in resolving disputes between employer-employees such as hearing and resolving the dispute at the departmental level. Such process would be the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“labour courtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and its decision would bind the parties involved in the dispute. In situation where the parties are unsatisfied with the award made by the Labour Court, appeals can be made by them to the High Court on condition that questions of law are involved.[1] (section 76). 10.1.1The Director-General The Employment Act 1955 confers the following powers to the Director General: Table 10.1:Powers of the Director-General conferred by the Employment Act 1955 No. Powers of the Director-General conferred by the Employment Act 1955 1. s.69 of the Employment Act 1955,empowers the Director General to inquire and to decide any dispute between an employer and his or her employee on issue of wages or other payment under a contract of service, this Act or the Wages Council Act 1947.[2] 2. s.69(3)provides the power for the Director-General to inquire, to confirm or to set aside any decisions made by the employer on condition that the employee suffers losses from it. Such power can only be used if the employee made a complaint to him.[3] 3. s.69(4)provides that the failure by any party to comply with the decisions made by the Director-General is an offence and would be liable for a fine not exceeding RM10,000 on conviction.[4] 4. s.70 and 71 of the Employment Act 1955talks about the procedure of inquiries that must be followed by the Director-General[5] and the records of inquiries needed to be maintained by him[6]. In situations where several parties made the same complaint, then the Director-General can make a joinder of the complaints in one complaint.[7] 5. Unders.75, the Sessions Court has the power to enforce any orders issued by the Director-General provided that such order has not been complied with. The enforcement of such order can be made on condition that there is no sale of immovable property involved. The Director General may also submit any question of law to the High Court if he thinks that it is important to do so. [8]. 10.1.2Appeals Section 77 provides that if there is any dissatisfaction with the decision or order made by the Director-General, an appeal can be made to the High Court[9] and the appeal rules insection 4 of the Subordinate Court Rules Act 1955 must be followed.[10] If the employer is believed to have absconded to avoid paying the wages, the employee can summon him (section 78).[11] Even in situations where there are no complaints made by any parties,section 79gives the Director-General the power to make inquiries concerning any possible offences under the Act and may summon any person whom he would have reasons to believe that the person could provide information.[12] 10.2 THE INDUSTRIAL COURT The Industrial Court was formed under the Industrial Relations Act 1967 and acts as an arbitrator in resolving trade disputes. Under Section 2A Industrial Relations Act 1967, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong can appoint a Director General and the Director General would have the powers to the general discretion, control and supervision on matters related to industrial relations.[13] The power of the Director-General of the Industrial Relations Department in resolving disputes between the employer and the employee at the departmental level is vested under Part V of the Industrial Relations Act 1967. Either the employer or the trade union can made references to the department. Even in situations where no complaint is being made, the Director General may commence the reference on the ground that he believes that it is necessary for him to intervene to resolve such dispute or otherwise the dispute would remain unresolved. The Director General will make a report to the Minister in situations wher e the dispute cannot be resolved and in turn the Minister will refer the case to the Industrial Court. Part VII of the Industrial Relations Act 1967 provides further provision regarding the Industrial Court. 10.2.1Employment Disputes Cases relating to employment dispute will be refer to the Industrial Court by the Director-General. This issue had been addressed by the Industrial Relations Act 1967 as virtue to section 2[14] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦any dispute between an employer and his workmen which is connected with the employment or non-employment or the terms of employment or the conditions of work of any such workmenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Trade disputes could take place when the trade union had failed to establish a consensus of view and demand with the employer on the behalf of the employee, this could also take place with a line of counter claims from the employer. Such failure of consensus could take place on the ground of difference in opinion between the trade union and the employer, or the employer had went back on his enforcement of an agreement that should had been compelled. As regard to dispute arising from the definition of agreement, it will be considered as a trade dispute thereaf ter the industrial court will come into the picture. 10.2.2Composition of the Industrial Court The minister has the jurisdiction to refer cases to the industrial court provide that the dispute could not be resolved at the departmental level. However, the referring of cases can only take place with alliance of a report of the Director-General as virtue to s.26 of the Industrial Relation Act 1967. The hierarchy of the Industrial Court is chaired by the President or Chairman appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and also members of the panel as shown in Figure 10.1 . Figure10.1:Constitution of the Industrial Court The chairman can appoint other member which he deems suitable to take over his duties, to be substitutes during his absence or incapacity. In these below situation, the court may still proceed with any trial without being concerned of the non-existence of members, or even the lack of sufficient member, and if the members concerned are obligatory the court can appoint other person to represent these members. 10.2.3Reference by the Minister Section 26(1) provides the discretion of the Minister to refer any dispute to the Court upon the communication of both the trade union and employer whom are the parties to the dispute.[15] Upon such power, the Minister can refer any matter to the matter if he deems it to be ad hoc to do so.[16] If such dispute involved a government departments or statutory bodies, then the Ministerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s own motion shall not be enforceable not pertaining that the consent of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or the state authority was obtained. However in situation whereby the case had been referred to the Industrial Court by the Minister himself, the interception of other courts shall not be allow, as virtue to the following case: Perkara Permohonan oleh Sreedharan (1974), the applicant was terminated by the employer. The Minister had ordered for matter to be investigated and crux out that the matter shall be place before the Industrial Court with reference to Section 16A(9) of the Industrial Relations Act 1967.[17] However, the applicant had submitted an application for certiorari order to the High Court to obtain injunction against the continuation of proceeding of the Industrial Court on his case. However, such application was rejected on the ground that the Minister had the absolute power to refer the said matter to the Industrial court. In a proceeding, the person in the matter can be represented either by he himself or by his trade union.[18] Similarly for the employer, he could be represented by officer or even the employer union. If there is a contingent upon the representation in any proceeding, the President or the Chairman shall have the final say. 10.2.4The Jurisdiction of the Industrial Court Section 29 of the Industrial Relations Act 1967,provides for the jurisdiction of the Industrial Court as shown in Figure 10.2. Figure 10.2:Powers of the Industrial Court The Act itself frees the court from the technicalities experienced by the ordinary courts. This judicial power in turn allows the court to quickly settle the issues between the employer and the employee. There are two cases which demonstrate this judicial power: First, in the case Hotel Jaya Puri Bhd v Kesatuan Kebangsaan Pekerja-pekerja Hotel, Bar dan Restoran dan seorang lagi[19], the question raised here concerned the workers as to whether they were employees to the restaurant or the hotel itself. By justifying that the workers themselves counted as substantive and material to the hotel, the Industrial Court thus held that they were workers to the hotel, in which in the end, compensation was paid by the hotel to the workers for their unwarranted dismissal. In an appeal by the hotel to the High Court, the High Court then reasoned under section 29 that the Industrial Court has their own discretion to such matters. By this reasoning and also demonstrating the inherent powers of the Industrial Court, the hotelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s appeal that the Industrial Court was wrong in their application of the law was turned down as the High Court did not want to involve themselves in the matter pertaining to the Industrial Courtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s jurisdiction. Even then, such judicial powers do not exempt them from following the rules of natural justice and ensuring that the trial is a fair one, as such, it is still required to make a decision based on the arguments on both sides without a sense of biasness towards one side. This rule is known as Audi arteram partem. The second case to be discussed here is the case of Perkara Permohonan oleh Kesatuan Syarikat Omnibus Sdn Bhd[20]. Here, the rule of Audi arteram partem was challenged by the appellants when they claimed that the Industrial Court was unfair in their decision because their views were not accepted as much as the respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. The High Court, in this appeal case, held that the Industrial Court has the power and authority to discard evidences in which they consider to be immaterial or unconnected to the issue at hand and this can happen after the Industrial Court had spent days listening to evidences and arguments on both sides. In the end, the parties involved are expected to concede to their judgments. However, even though it is equipped with such discretion, the Industrial Court may still refer to the High Court on matters pertaining to questions of law. This is provided under section 33A of the Industrial Relations Act 1967 where if the gravity of the award is of the highest priority. As in the two cases above, no party may challenge in any court the judgments of the Industrial Court. 10.3 JUDICIAL REVIEW IN THE HIGH COURT If the power of the Director-General under Part XV of the Employment Act or if the power of the Industrial Court under the Industrial Relations Act are violated, then the proceedings initiated by the Industrial Court can scrutinised in the form of judicial review. An example of this is when the Industrial Court has made a judgment by means of which they have no authority to do so, i.e. acting ultra vires. In such situations, the extreme decision of the Industrial Court can be quashed by means certiorari. The table below shows the situations where the Industrial Court has acted outside their power. No. Situations Giving Rise to Ultra Vires 1. When the majority in the Industrial Court is inadequate as required under s 22(1) or the consent of the parties are not given. 2. When the Industrial Court itself does not have the power in a particular issue. For example, under section 26 of the Industrial Relations Act, the power to refer lies with the minister or matters pertaining to trade union disputes can only be heard by the Industrial Court[21]. 3. When the actions of the parties are too much or they have acted too inadequately in reference to their given powers. An interesting note here is that the matter of the Industrial Court questioning the cases referred to them by the minister has only risen since 1985. Before that, the Industrial Court had heard and made a judgment on every case given to them by the minister. A case which demonstrates this point is ofAsia Motor Sdn Bhd and Cho Mai Sum[22]. Here, a reference made by the minister regarding the applicantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s status as an employee was challenged by Asia Motor due to the fact that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ did not follow the definition set out in the Act. In an explanation, Salleh Abbas who was the Federal Court judge then said that it is not the obligation of the Industrial Court to hear on matters given to them by the minister specifically when it is not within their power to do so. CASES TOPIC 10 Asia Motor Sdn Bhd and Cho Mai Sum [1986] 2 ILR 919 Hotel Jaya Puri Bhd v Kesatuan Kebangsaan Pekerja-pekerja Hotel, Bar dan Restoran dan seorang lagi [1980] 1 MLJ 109 Perkara Permohonan oleh Kesatuan Syarikat Omnibus Sdn Bhd (1977) Perkara Permohonan oleh Sreedharan (1974) [1] Employment Act 1955, S.76 [2] Employment Act 1955, S.69 [3] Ibid, S.69(3) [4] Ibid, S.69(4) [5] Ibid, S.70 [6] Ibid, S.71 [7] Ibid, S.72 [8] Ibid, S.76 [9] Ibid, S.77 [10] Subordinate Court Rules Act 1955 , S.4 [11]Employment Act 1955, S.63 [12]Ibid, S.79 [13] Industrial Relations Act 1967, S.2A [14] Ibid, S.2 [15] Industrial Relations Act 1967, S.26(1) [16] Ibid, S.26(2) [17] Ibid, S.16A(9) [18] Ibid, S.27 [19] [1980] 1 MLJ 109 [20] (1977) [21] Ibid, S.26 [22] [1986] 2 ILR 919

Species Profile Of Puerto Rico - 1362 Words

Eleutherodactylus coqui Thomas 1966 (Anura: Leptodactylidae) also known as the Puerto Rican Coqui. Can be found naturally in Puerto Rico up to elevations of 1,200m. They have been introduced to southern Florida, Hawaii, and U.S. Virgin Islands. Their specific biome is the Puerto Rican Tropical Rain forest. Their Birth cycle begins as an eggs mass that may contain 34-75 egg clusters, which can be found rolled or folded into leaves with the aid of male who brooded them and keeps them moist until they hatch in 17 to 26 days. Coquis breeding season can vary throughout the year but mainly accurse during the rainy season, as for their life spam it only ranges 4-6 years. Coquis primary form of communication is through acoustic in E. Their diet†¦show more content†¦The E. coquà ­ is the most dominant frog in Puerto Rico, with a densities around 20,000. Densities can fluctuate depending on the habitat and the season. For the most part, densities is higher during the final parts of t he wet season and tend to decrease during the dry season. The E. coqui can be found in quite a few habitats throughout the Island. To include mountains, mesic broadleaf forests, tree holes, urban areas, rocks or trash, bromeliads, and under trunks. In order to reproduce the E. coqui does not need a bodies of water, they are most often found at altitudes, which in turn provided sufficient moisture. The E. coqui can be found in Puerto Rico any were from maximum of 1,200 m (3,900 ft) down to sea level. Life Cycle E. coqui reproduce in their native range year round, but during wet season is when breeding activity is concentrated. A female E. coqui lay 4-6 clutches of about 28 eggs each and about 16-41 clutches per year. The life cycle for the E. coqui start in a larval form that leads in a froglet within the egg. The next stage make this frog unique as it bypasses the tadpole stage in development, this is called free-living. The E. coqui internal fertilizes and, like other eleutherodactylids, the fertilized eggs never pass through a free-living larval (tadpole) stage. This particular stage is key to the success in the E. coqui survival in different habitats. It allows for the eggs to beShow MoreRelatedScience Investigatory Project3592 Words   |  15 Pagesleaves extract as a substitute medicine in curing open wounds. In this manner, it is cheaper compared to the commercial one. CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Review of Related Literature Moringa Oleifera is the best known of the thirteen species of the genus Moringacae. Moringa was highly valued in the ancient world. The Romans, Greeks and Egyptians extracted edible oil from the seeds and used it for perfume and skin lotion. 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A., â€Å"The Corporate Jungle Spawns a New Species: The Project Manager,† Fortune (September 1996), pp. 14–15. Case A Day in the Life Rachel, the project manager of a large information systems project, arrives at her office early to get caught up with work before her co-workers and projectRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesemotions common to all. Renà © Descartes, often called the founder of modern philosophy, identified six â€Å"simple and primitive passions†Ã¢â‚¬â€wonder, love, hatred, desire, joy, and sadness—and argued that â€Å"all the others are composed of some of these six or are species of them.†12 Although other philosophers like Hume, Hobbes, and Spinoza identified categories of emotions, proof of the existence of a basic set of emotions still waits for contemporary researchers. Psychologists have tried to identify basic emotions

Lessons Learned From The World War II - 1862 Words

After the end of World War II, Europe was in ruins. Between bomb damage, economic downturn, and natural disasters such as droughts and blizzards it seemed nearly impossible to restore Europe to its prior greatness. America facilitated the recovery of Europe with military and financial aid and helped prevent the spread of communism, which is proven to overtake even the strongest countries in times of distress. This aid crushed the Soviet dream of a communist Europe, which set off the Cold War. Over the next 45 years, the United States and the Soviet Union would resemble two angry women, avoiding each other at all costs and exploding into a furious rage at the first sight of the other. Many events contributed to and were derived from the†¦show more content†¦And as if nature itself were conspiring to retard recovery, droughts during the summers of 1946 and 1947 had drastically reduced crops, and the winter of 1946-47 had been a disaster. The utmost blizzard in centuries had co mbined with freezing temperatures to paralyze whole regions of Europe for months. Between 1948 and 1951 Congress authorized approximately $13.4 billion in Marshall Plan aid. Most of it went to Great Britain, France, Italy, and West Germany. The Marshall Plan was met with heavy opposition. Many said the plan would bankrupt the country, but they could not have been more wrong. America experienced a great period of prosperity during the years the European Recovery Program was in action (Maddox). Again, the main question is how is this important to the Cold War? With the acceptance of the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan, America began pushing back the forces of communism emanating from the Soviet Union. For centuries, African-Americans have been dreaming of and fighting for their freedom. After the Civil War, Lincoln abolished slavery, but most African-Americans had nowhere to go, nowhere to work, and no say in the laws that still limited their employment. Throughout the Cold War, Civil Rights activists protested violently as well as nonviolently. Terry Kershawà ¢â‚¬â„¢s article in The Western Journal of Black Studies entitled â€Å"African American national leadership: a model for complementarity† compares three of the most prominent Civil Rights leadersShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War Is A Time Of Political Tension Between The United States And The Soviet Union1154 Words   |  5 PagesCold War is a time of political tension between the United States and the USSR following World War II and lasting decades. It was a clash of ideology- capitalism versus communism- and a fight for dominance, by utilizing every opportunity for expansion (Trueman 1). The results and lessons learned from the Cold War still remain as reminders and helpful guides for the future. 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Psychology “working alliance” Free Essays

string(232) " loss such as death, separation and the termination of relationship of whichever kind as long as these relationships were vital to the psychological well-being of an individual are all considered similar or the same \(Jacobs et al\." The effectiveness of therapy in counselling is dependent substantially on two factors; namely, the patient’s cooperation, and the expertise of the therapist. Many experts in the field of Psychology have observed the significant contribution of the client to the over-all process. The individual’s perception of the therapist is extremely crucial to the ensuing treatment. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychology â€Å"working alliance† or any similar topic only for you Order Now Without the needed initial positive perception of the therapist on the part of the one seeking treatment, the whole process will not generate a desired momentum that would set the entire scheme in a strategic stance. Of course, the expertise of the therapist is another major factor – actually, the other half – but it’s a given to the whole package of treatment (Borys and Hope, 1989). Since a â€Å"working alliance† has to be established first before the actual treatment is administered, there are important or vital considerations for this â€Å"working alliance† between client and therapist to occur, which can be influenced greatly by the occurrence of transference and counter-transference, and this is in precis, the intentions of this paper. This will be considered as part of the issues and challenges that therapists face as they practice their profession (Corey, 2004, p. 36-112). Discussion The past baggage of the client. From any vantage point, the level of trust by client on his therapist, whether that perception is based on attractiveness, trustworthiness or as someone who knows what he may be dealing with in terms of credentials, are valid, and is the utmost concern of the helping relationship. Trust in the part of the client is necessary for the healing process. However, because the full ramifications of the issue almost always hinge on the perceptions of the client, the problems and hindrances need to be addressed or at least cited for clarity and deliberation at the outset of the relationship (Corey, 2004, p. 36-145). As hinted above, the client may be bringing (emotional) baggage into their mutual involvement which may be due to prior engagements with other professionals in the therapeutic relations, whether positive or negative. Oftentimes, in many cases, these may be liaisons which were unsuccessful, distasteful or even traumatic for a few. The author pointed out that any form of future therapy will be affected due to these previous experiences, and it has to be dealt with right away at the outset (Horvath Luborsky, 1993, p. 4). Defining transference and counter-transference It was a Freudian conception that catapulted â€Å"transference† into a much recognized terminology within the counseling practice. This was first observed when in the practice of psychotherapy, patients or clients developed strong emotionalities such as attachments and even fantasies that were not realistic. In greater sphere today, transference does not happen within psychotherapy but rather a common encounter by many. Closest to the term transference, is an illustration such that a person can be considered a biological time machine, when something is recalled based on certain situations or conversations that trigger the recollection and bring episodes and passions to the current reality. The elements of a person’s past needs in emotionality and psychological areas are transferred into the present. Furthermore, the feelings can be confusing as to the reasons of its appearance and oftentimes powerful enough an influencer of relationships and conduct of one’s affairs. Illustration 1. (Source: Dombeck, 2009) For most people, there is recognition of the presence of a triangle in the figure above; a recognition when in reality, no triangle is actually present. This optical illusion of a triangle exists due to prior exposure to a similar figure. The presence of a triangle is similar to transference experience wherein prior exposure to people and relationships bring many resulting experiences to the present even without much effort or strain (Dombeck, 2009). In therapeutic relationship, the understanding of the presence of transference in all of one’s relationships helps a practitioner to also provide the client insights into complications comprising transference (Corey, 2004). Actively evaluating these possibilities of the practitioner’s transference tendencies can help eliminate or reduce problems that hinder the therapeutic relationship. Hating a therapist or developing an infatuation are strong feelings that can be experienced by a client which are examples of transference. Therefore, it is within the context of the helping profession and it is legitimate for a therapist to search or evaluate together with the client what similar treatments he experienced before had he felt the same emotions. Self-awareness is an important aspect in emotional growth and/or maturity hence awareness of the therapist’s own tendencies is a fundamental ingredient in the practice. This must also be effectively conveyed to and understood by the client (Kitchener, 2000, p 45). Moreover, the occurrence of counter-transference in which the therapist develops attitudes and feelings (transference) towards his client can be real and more often counter productive. Dealing carefully with the issues that the therapist possesses are critical aspects of the profession. Only experts and those who intentionally had established ethical ways of dealing with patients or clients can better handle counter-transferences that occur (Welfel, 2005, p. 320). Bereavement, loss and termination Bereavement is loss of a loved one and any form of loss such as death, separation and the termination of relationship of whichever kind as long as these relationships were vital to the psychological well-being of an individual are all considered similar or the same (Jacobs et al. You read "Psychology â€Å"working alliance†" in category "Papers" , 2000). All these human experiences are common to one’s existence and unavoidable or inevitable in one’s lifetime. When a person experiences grief, he goes through a state of mourning and various upheavals in his emotions and psychological functioning arise. It can range from panic disorder, major depression, anxiety disorder or even PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorders) which may result to drug or alcohol use or the increase of the consumption of toxic and harmful substances (Jacobs et al. , 2000; Jacobs Prigerson, 2000, p. 23). Transference and issues of loss or termination The experience of grieving for loss can be possible also when a client has to terminate his or her therapeutic relationship. Prior experiences of loss such as death or separation like divorce can probably trigger similar emotions when the therapist finally says goodbye and closes the professional relationship with this client. This was true with a friend who had gone through therapy and for the long while attained a semblance of well-being because of the sessions. However, because this was already turning to a progressively successful helping relationship, her therapist slowly accented the possibilities of the need for terminating the therapy. This friend came home and started to experience similar to a panic disorder which she went through when her husband announced that he was divorcing her. Waves of anger and frustration, and mostly grief and loss and emptiness seemed to engulf her, threatening to overwhelm her again. This was a critical episode of her life which might unravel the strengths she had gained in the therapy (Jacobs Prigerson, 2000, p. 23). Therapist’s counter-transference on client’s issues of loss, bereavement or termination As mentioned, awareness of one’s issues must be a matter of choice and constant self-monitoring and evaluation since this can be critical to the client’s optimal functioning or recovery as well as the therapist’s own retention of psychological and physical well-being (Welfel, 2005, p. 235-355). Thus, issues of loss, bereavement or termination that once affected the therapist should also be dealt with and preparations in handling for potential occurrence are a must (Neimeyer, 2000). In my case, it is undeniably true that I have had occasions that a therapeutic relationship turned sour because of counter-transference. In the issue of termination though, another friend-client of mine went through grief counseling because of the death of her child whose demise was untimely in a sense. It was an accident of which she was also a witness. In the course of their helping relationship, this client-friend soon overcame her grief and loss and was restored to the normal day to day conduct of her affairs. Thus, there was time to say goodbye, and this client-friend turned to say goodbye to her therapist. Unbeknownst to her, the therapeutic relationship was already awakening deep issues within her therapist. There developed a counter-transference that though the therapist was trying to avoid and limit had already gone its course. Until the termination came to its final stage, this client-friend never knew of what was happening because her therapist never made her aware of the dilemma. I came to know about it because I knew both the therapist and the client as I was partly instrumental to their meeting. In short, the therapist had developed strong feelings of attachment to the client. She said that when termination came it was as if feelings of rejection came all over again reminiscent of the time when her former husband of several years told her that everything between them was a joke and that he was leaving her for someone else. The separation was sudden and quick and she said she was not allowed time to stall the relationship or even convince her husband to stay. Her loss was devastating and it was an issue for her of trust, denial of friendship and deep seated anger for the plain thought of someone important just leaving her for not enough convincing reasons. It was for this therapist a very irrational step to do to one who was faithful and true. Thus, though the situations were vastly different, there was the friendship that she caught her unawares and her reactions to the termination was something that surprised the therapist. Her issues on leaving and loss were critically revived at this point with her client. Probably, she was not critically aware of where the emotions will be aroused that triggers the counter-transference or that she let her guard down. Whichever, the important thing is that the therapist reassesses her vulnerability and must again provide ways that will enable her to handle her relationships better in the future (Kitchener, 2000; Welfel, 2005). Conclusion 2. The fitness of the therapist By fitness, we mean sufficient, wide-ranging exposure, and right training to the kind of illness/es or disorder/s that he may be dealing. Even with years spent in the academe will not guarantee the development of skills in handling such complex and true-to-life situations or scenarios. At times, the theoretic skills acquired, instead of enabling the new therapist, may deter or hamper the process. This means to say that the therapist must possess more than head-knowledge; he should not allow his schooling to affect him to the extent that it made him conceited with no room for more learning especially when additional knowledge are available in the patient himself. He must also have the sensitivity to employ his gut-feeling to at times, direct the course of the therapy (Davison et al. , 2000). Therapeutic relationships are almost always exhausting, but it will be an undesirable experience for the alliance partners when just one of them becomes disinterested, hence as Luborsky pressed that â€Å"reciprocity† must be established, cultivated or maintained until the relationship is terminated, hopefully because the client is well (Horvath Luborsky, 1993, p. 4). Bibliography 1. Borys, D. S. Pope, K. S. (1989). Dual relationships between therapist and client: A national study of psychologists, psychiatrists, and social workers. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 20(5), 283-293. 2. Corey, Gerald (2004). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. Thomson Learning, USA. 3. Davison, Gerald C. and John M. Neale (2001). Abnormal Psychology. Eighth ed. John Wiley Sons, Inc. 4. Dombeck, Mark (2009). Transference. Accessed June 2, 2009 at http://www. mentalhelp. net/poc/view_doc. php? type=docid=8253 5. Kitchener, K. S. (2000). Foundations of ethical practice, research, and teaching in psychology. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 6. Horvath, Adam O. , Lester Luborsky (1993). Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol. 61, No. 4,561-573 Copyright 1993 by the American Psychological Association, Inc. 0022-006X/93/S3. 00 7. Jacobs S Prigerson H. (2000) . Psychotherapy of traumatic grief: a review of evidence for psychotherapeutic treatments. Death Studies, 24, 479-495. 8. Jacobs, Shelby, Carolyn Mazure, and Holly Prigerson (2000) â€Å"Diagnostic Criteria for Traumatic Grief. † Death Studies 24 185–199. 9. Neimeyer R. (2000). Searching for the meaning of meanings: grief therapy and the process of reconstruction. Death Studies,24:531-558. 10. Welfel, Elizabeth R (2005). Ethics in Counseling and Psychotherapy: Standards, Research, and Emerging Issues: Wadsworth Publishing How to cite Psychology â€Å"working alliance†, Papers

Introduction of Financial Accounting

Question: Discuss about the Introduction of Financial Accounting. Answer: Introduction This study deals with discussion on communication and leadership based on given ethical dilemmas. The case study on Auditing hidden agendas provides an insight of accounting profession in compliance with fundamental principles as mentioned in APES 110 code of ethics (Sexton 2009). The current segment elucidates a scenario whereby member of an audit committee is working for a company and has experienced some volatility as a result financial crisis. In accordance to first principle, it is essential for the auditors to remain straightforward as well honest in maintaining business relationships. As a member of Audit committee for a company, it is necessary to evaluate with the agenda items aligning with impact of financial crisis (Alles, Kogan and Vasarhelyi 2012). It is predicted by the member of audit committee that the company is at default risk in case of debt covenants. In the audit compliance report, it is essential to mention regarding the loan portfolio before passing it to lende rs and this aspect is nowhere mentioned in the agenda items. After approaching the Chair of Audit Committee, the answer given was not convincing as it has been discussed with CEO previously. This study explains the underlying reason behind massaged and misrepresented figures by the company head (Zadek, Evans and Pruzan 2013). Ethical Dilemma- Auditing Hidden Agendas Summary of the case study In this case study, it is mentioned regarding all members of the accounting profession for complying it with APES 110 Code of Ethics especially for professional accountants (Boynton and Johnson 2015). This case study elucidates problem statement where member of the audit committee gets doubt and surprise on not finding the agenda items in relation that affects financial crisis. It is the responsibility of the audit committee to completely review the future loan compliance reports before providing it to lenders. This particular case study takes into consideration the responsibility of audit committee, chair of audit committee and the CEO of a given company. It has been noticed from the case study that agenda items are missing and figures has massages according to one of the member of audit committee (Furnham and Gunter 2015). In response to financial crisis, it has been noted that regulators as well as legislators codifies much of audit committees responsibilities and regulators (Leung, Coram and Cooper 2014). This has been scrutinizing audit committee for working and examining by external management and external auditors. Audit Committees should be more focus on auditor inspection results for translating into proper audit quality. In other words, securities regulators should be looking into an aspect whereby audit committees should make things happen in case of making new agenda for taking into consideration financial crisis. It requires turning dynamic into proper quality improvement results concerning with audit committee agenda (Porter, Simon and Hatherly 2014). Absence of agenda items of the company surprised the audit committee members and seeks assistance from the head of audit committee team For the company, the intrinsic question on disruption as well as risk needs to be discussed by the audit committee for making the audit compliance on loan before the company provides support to lenders (Simnett, Vanstraelen and Chua 2014). Audit Committees of a company as well as Board should deal with large-scale disruption of economic and given financial models. Identification of Problem in the case study It has been found that as per the provided case study, the problems associated with the process of auditing include the violation of the codes and principles of ethics. From detailed study, it has been noted that due to the global financial crisis in the year 2008, every company including the specified one have experienced a certain level of volatility in their economic condition. However, as per the agenda for the first meeting of the particular firm i.e. in the year 2009, there were no agenda items that were related to negative influence of the 2008 global financial crisis on the firm (Knechel, Salterio and Ballou 2013). This action indicates that the particular organization might be at risks and the auditors by not following the codes of ethics have misrepresented the report of the firm. Moreover, the quarterly compliance audit regarding the loan portfolio of the firm that is considered as the part of performance reporting to the lenders was also not included. From this, it can be said that within the particular firm, the loan portfolio was not audited and reviewed and thus, it might resulted into misrepresentation of the report. In addition to this, the CEO of any firm is not responsible for auditing and making any audit report and thus, here in this specified company, the CEO advised the audit committee to sign off on the loan compliance audits. However, this decision might result into massaged figures as misunderstanding between the debt providers and the audit committee could take place. The reason behind this is that the debt providers will assume that the audit committee has already reviewed the loan compliance audits of the firm and vice-versa (Louwers et al. 2013). Therefore, it can be said that there is negligence and lack of responsibility within the firm. Principles of the auditors (APES 110) According to the ICAEW, there are some codes of ethics that are comprised of five fundamental principles and should be followed by an auditor. The reason behind this is that these fundamental principles will help an organization to run systematically, ethically and also successfully. On the basis of detailed study, it can be said that the code of ethics is considered as a statement of principles and the expectations of the governing behavior of the organizations and individuals in the conduct of auditing (internal). The five fundamental principles that an auditor should follow include Integrity, Objectivity, Confidentiality, Professional competence and due care and Professional behavior (Icaew.com. 2016). It has been found that all these principles comply with the principles that are involved in the IFAC Code of Ethics (Ricchiute 2014). Firstly, the principle of integrity compels a compulsion on every professional accountant to remain honest as well as straightforward in the busines s and professional associations. This principle also includes emphasis on truthfulness and fair dealing. Secondly, the principle of objectivity compels a commitment on the professional accountants regarding not to cooperate the judgment regarding business or professional due to any biasness, undue impact of others and conflict of interest. Thirdly, the principle of confidentiality among internal auditors represents the ownership and value of information that they obtain, but do not disclose them without the permission of the accurate authority. Fourthly, the principle of professional competence and due care compels mainly two obligations. These include maintenance of professional knowledge as well as skills at the required level for ensuring the employers or clients have received the knowledgeable professional service (Sharbatoghlie and Sepehri 2014). It also involves the diligent according to the professional and technical standards at the time of giving professional services. Las tly, the principle of professional behavior puts importance on obligation for complying with the pertinent regulations and laws. However, the objective of APES 110 Code of ethics is to serve a general idea regarding the framework and also to help the members (auditors) in accessing the pertinent sections of the particular Code more effectively. It can be said that the overview of this APES 110 Code of Ethics is not considered as the replacement of the Code, rather it is used as a conjunction with the Code of ethics (Cpaaustralia.com.au 2016). The APES 110 Code of ethics are divided into three parts Part A, part B and Part C. Part A is applied to all the members, where as Part B is applied to those members only who are in public practice. Lastly, Part C is applied to those members who are associated with business; however, this part is also considered as relevant for those members in public practice. The Part A illustrates the overarching responsibility for acting in the fundamental codes of principles and public interest. It covers the threats that are related to compliance with the elementary principles and safeguards and along with the conceptual framework. The Part B highlights the process, which have described the conceptual framework in the Part A and the method by which it is implemented among the members. Lastly, the Part C puts emphasis on the process by which both the conceptual framework and Part A have been applied to the members within the business. Importance of auditing hidden agendas The hidden agendas should be audited because this helps the firm as well as the auditors of the firm to determine whether the particular company is running ethically and effectively. The auditing of the hidden agendas help to protect the particular firm from making any financial misstatements and thus, it presents a reliable health of the firm (Whittington and Pany 2015). Moreover, this also helps the firms to provide protection from fraudulent activities. In addition to these, the auditing of the hidden agendas also help the firm to determine its objectives, risk of misstatement can be avoided and cost of capital can be maintained. Principles not followed in the case study The case study mentions that the company has experienced volatility due to the current financial, crisis. However, as per the case study, it can be hereby ascertained that the financial declarations of the mentioned company do not contain any information regarding the impact of the financial crisis. Accordingly, it can be inferred that the company might possibly face risk of defaulting on certain debt agreement (Arens et al. 2013). Furthermore, the financial announcements of the business concern also do not contain the scheduled quarterly compliance reports on the entire loan portfolio of the firm that forms a necessary part of the portfolio financial performance reporting of the firm. Thus, it can be hereby inferred that the company breaches certain principles of auditing. As per the AUASB standards as explicated under ASA 100 Preamble to the AUASB Standards and ASA 101 Preamble to Australian Auditing Standards as well as the Foreword to AUASB Pronouncements declared by the AUASB, f inancial reports of the firm needs to follow a structured format (DeFond and Zhang 2014). This also needs to represent the historical information in an appropriate format counting connected notes, communicating economic resources of a business entity or else obligations at different points of time or else the alterations therein for a particular period as per the financial reporting outline. The financial announcements need to have related notes that normally contain a summary of the significant accounting strategies as well as explanatory evidence. As per the section 110 of the APES code of ethics, maintenance of integrity refers to definite principles where members related to the reports or else other company information need not knowingly be related to materially false information, misleading information, furnish vague information or else omit information that needs to be included (Eilifsenet al. 2013). Again, as per this code of conduct, it is important to furnish the historical financial information related to the company deciphered mainly from the accounting system of the business entity, different economic events that took place in the past or else economic conditions or else circumstances that occurred in the past. Therefore, it can be said that the management of the company violates the principle of professional behavior as mentioned under section 150 of APES Co de of Conduct. As per 150.1APES Code of Conduct, it is important to conform to different relevant regulations as well as directives and avoid any activity or exclusion that particular members know can adversely affect or discredit the overall profession (Elderet al. 2012). Again, as per the ethical code of conduct, it is imperative to furnish special purpose financial statements that need to meet financial information requirements of particular users of the financial information of the business concern. As per section 290.500 Introduction to restrictions on diverse uses as well as distribution, it is important to assess the special purpose financial reports as per the applicable financial statement framework that includes fair presentation of the report (Gayand Simnett2013). Therefore, missing information regarding the impact of the financial crisis in the macro environment of the business in the report violates this principle of special purpose financial reports. The financial statements also do not present the requisite notes that contain explanations of the financial fluctuations, changes in the final accounts, guidance notes in the reports. As per the AAS 10 and the Companies Act, it is important to mention unqualified opinion that is also missing in case of the present company (Gendron and Power 2015). Again, there is a breach of the principle AAS 21 that refers to the act of non-compliance and indicates towards actions of omission as well as commission by the particular business entity that is audited that can be either intentional or else unintentional that are also contrary to the prevailing regulations or else directives. As a member of the audit committee of the business company, it can be inferred that the company has failed to meet the compli ance requirements. In addition to this, the business entity has failed to meet the principles of the AUST (291.113 to 291.118) loans and guarantees. In addition to this, the lack of documentation in the financial reports leads to adverse influences on the financial interests of different related parties including the people in the governance. The company also violates the Principle of Documentation as per section 290.29 of APES that calls for the need of producing evidences of the judgments of different members regarding the threats and the acceptable limits of different threats to the business (Hayeset al. 2014). Audit Compliance on the loan portfolio As per the standard AASB 9 B4.10, there are different contractual provisions that can allow the issuer to pay the debt instruments or else allow the holder to put a specific debt instrument back to the specific issuer before the period of maturity. There are audit compliance of the loan portfolio of the particular business firm mentioned in the present case study as this can help the management of the firm in better management of risk as well as proactive management of the entire portfolio. In addition to this, the audit of the loan portfolio can help the management of the firm in immediate recognition of specific anomalies as well as errors that are not as per the regulatory policies, namely, the limits of approval, schedules, process of refinancing and many others. Furthermore, the audit of the loan portfolio can also assist the process of recognition of loans in different arrears or else improper disbursements for prevention of negative influences on the balance sheet. Explanation on missing agenda items As per the present case study, the audit committee needs to investigate the profile of the corporation as well as the significant risks faced by the business concern that mainly includes the economic conditions in the market. The missing agenda items that can be detected in the present case includes the lack of the expanded disclosure as per SEC of different business activities during the financial crisis. This in turn has affected the financial condition of the firm. The financial announcements of the business concern also do not contain the scheduled quarterly compliance reports on the entire loan portfolio of the firm that forms a necessary part of the portfolio financial performance reporting of the firm. In addition to this, as per the regulations of the PCAOB, the missing agenda items also include lack of proper communication of the principle considerations of different audit matters that can affect the judgment of the auditor. The presentation of the performance audit reports to the lenders also missing that was supposed to be present in the agenda. Importance of reviewing loan compliance audits Compliance audits considers as the comprehensive review dependent upon organization adherence to given regulatory guidelines (William, Glover and Prawitt 2016). This includes independent accounting as well as security and IT consultants for evaluating the strength and thoroughness in accordance with compliance preparations. In other words, auditors are responsible to review the security policies as well as user access controls and risk management procedures within the potential course of compliance audit (Alles, Kogan and Vasarhelyi 2012). It is essential for testing the credit quality by way of sampling loan portfolio by reviewing the parameters. It is necessary for gaining understanding on potential problem loans in the given portfolio for identification purpose. From the given case study, audit committee failed in identifying the actual cause of loan compliance and debt covenants borne by the particular company (Arens, Elder and Beasley 2012). From the case study on auditing of hidden agendas, it can be reviewed that credit administration assessment involves attributes such as loan policies as well as procedures for future analysis purpose (Simnett, Vanstraelen and Chua 2014). It requires getting loan authorities into action by the audit committee before providing loan to the lenders. Loan underwriting as well as credit analysis function are the given areas that needs to be reviewed by the audit committee and solve the case study issue on loan compliance. In other words, loan documentation standards as well as standards help in analyzing audit compliance function as followed by the audit committee (Alles, Kogan and Vasarhelyi 2012). Conclusion and Recommendations At the end of the study, it is concluded that the company mentioned in the case study has no agenda items in relation to impact of financial crisis. This means the company has some massaged figures that need to taken into consideration by the audit committee before providing loan compliance to the lenders. All professional accountants should follow the code of ethics diligently whereby member of audit committee should be straightforward as well as honest in maintaining cordial relationships. Entire assignment takes into loan compliance activities and debt covenants. In other words, importance of auditing hidden agenda is mentioned whereby it can be seen that audit committee should not misinterpret any figures of the company. Audit committee should find the potential causes behind the absence of agenda items as analyzed at the time of meeting. According to APES 110, there should not be any of omission, alteration of financial information of any form. In the case study, there was misre presented figures found by the member of audit committee. As per 150 of APES conduct, principle of professional behavior is violated in the case study that should be avoided because it adversely affect the auditing profession. References Alles, M.G., Kogan, A. and Vasarhelyi, M.A., 2012. Feasibility and economics of continuous assurance. Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory, 21(1), pp.125-138. Arens, A., Best, P., Shailer, G., Fiedler, B., Elder, R. and Beasley, M., 2013.Auditing, assurance services and ethics in Australia: an integrated approach. 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