Use of Phrasal Verbs by Arab Writers in English Essay

Utilization of Phrasal Verbs by Arab Writers in English - Essay Example This paper delineates that Arab students of English abstain from utilizing the phrasal action words as a result of the degree of trouble just as to related with appreciating the precarious confused informal implications of phrasal action words. Numerous Several scientists, for example, Klienmann, Chiang, Dagut, and Laufer upheld the cases by made by Schachter that second language students abstain from utilizing phrasal action words on the grounds that the trouble that students experience when utilizing the phrasal action words. Since this paper examines whether Arab students of English utilize less phrasal action words than English essayists, the analyst chose to contrast with two arrangements of writings from two distinct scholars. The scientist experienced issues gathering these writings since he needed to discover ongoing articles. The creator went over some American and Saudi papers, for example, Saudi Gazette, Arab news, Asharq Alawsat, Yew New York Post, the Daily Time and the CNN. The scientist at long last chose to pick two scholars from a Saudi paper and another from the CNN. The primary essayist is a Saudi author, named Mshari Al-Zaydi who composes political articles in Asharq Alawsat Saudi paper and the other author is an American author, named Peter Hamby, who likewise composes political articles in the CNN. The specialist gathered 10 articles composed by Mshari Al-Zaydi and other 10 composed by Peter Hamby. The length of the picked articles length fluctuated from 400 to 800 words which were later on altered to a surmised 300 words article.

Should You Really Trust College Ranking Lists

Should You Really Trust College Ranking Lists SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Since the U.S. News World Report school rankings list appeared in 1983, school destined understudies and their folks have gotten very captivated with school positioning records. While the U.S. News rundown might be the most notable, there are a plenty of school positioning records out there. All utilization marginally various rules to rank schools and all case to be the best and generally dependable. In any case, would it be a good idea for you to confide in any of these rundowns? Would it be a good idea for you to utilize them when choosing which school to join in? Do they give any significant data? In this article, I'll answer those inquiries. I'll tell you the amount you can believe school positioning records. Besides, I'll clarify the upsides and downsides of these rundowns and how to utilize them to your advantage. How Are College Rankings Determined? Most positioning records utilize a mix of target measurements and abstract assessments dependent on review reactions to arrange their rankings. Target Numbers That Influence the Rankings These are the most widely recognized measurements utilized by the most well known school positioning records that help decide the rankings. Maintenance: Some rundowns utilize the rookie standard for dependability, the level of understudies who return for their sophomore years, to assist with deciding their rankings. The rationale behind utilizing this measurement is that if an understudy is content with a school and accepting the fundamental help, at that point she will return for her subsequent year. Likewise, records utilize the 6-year graduation rate, the level of understudies who graduate inside 6 years. On the off chance that a school is giving quality guidance and supporting its understudies, at that point most by far ought to have the option to graduate inside 6 years. Class Size: US News gauges the extent of classes with under 20 understudies and the extent with at least 50. The thought here is that exceptionally little and enormous classes are characteristic of having more assets. Likewise, understudies in littler classes get more consideration and customized guidance. Staff Salary: The thinking for utilizing this measurement is that schools that pay their personnel most liberally can pull in the best educators. Understudy Faculty Ratio: If there is a low understudy workforce proportion, at that point understudies can get more consideration and there will be more open doors for understudies to cooperate with teachers. SAT/ACT Scores: Schools with higher normal government sanctioned grades are viewed as being progressively specific and having all the more scholastically skilled understudies. Level of Students That Graduated in the Top 10% and 25% of Their High School Classes: Colleges whose understudies all graduated close to the highest point of their secondary school classes are judged decidedly for having the most elevated bore of understudy. Acknowledgment Rate: The rationale behind utilizing this number is that on the off chance that a school concedes just an exceptionally little level of its candidates, at that point those that it concedes are probably going to be the best and most brilliant. Normal Spending Per Student: US News ascertains spending per understudy by utilizing the normal spending per understudy on guidance, research, understudy benefits, and related instructive consumptions in the latest two monetary years. Spending on sports, quarters, and medical clinics doesn't tally. On the off chance that a school is spending more per understudy on training, at that point you might have the option to expect that its understudies have progressively instructive assets and quality guidance. Graduated class Giving Rate:The graduated class giving rate is the level of graduates who provided for the school, as a rule inside the most recent year or two. As indicated by different examinations, the graduated class giving rate is a proportion of understudy fulfillment. Be that as it may, I making the most of my involvement with Stanford, however I don't give to my place of graduation. Perhaps someone from Stanford will understand this and I'll quit getting ceaseless letters and calls approaching me for my cash. Money related Aid: Some rundowns measure the normal measure of monetary guide granted and others measure the level of budgetary need that is met. Better schools ought to have the assets to empower every single qualified understudy to go to paying little heed to monetary need. US News likewise quantifies how fulfilled understudies are with their monetary guide, however that is a substantially more emotional rating. Pay of Alumni: The rationale behind utilizing normal graduated class pay in school rankings is that universities that give phenomenal training and can offer great expert associations will have graduated class with significant compensations. Suppositions That Influence The Rankings Scholastics US News World Report depends intensely on undergrad scholarly notoriety in its rankings. The scholastic notoriety of a school is dictated by how top scholastics and executives at different universities evaluate its scholastics. US News likewise reviews advocates from secondary schools to rate the scholarly projects of universities to help decide scholastic notoriety. Princeton Review directs a study on how hard understudies work and the amount they get back for their endeavors to evaluate scholastics. Personal satisfaction Most school positioning records evaluate the personal satisfaction at a school through understudy overviews. Princeton Review grades personal satisfaction through understudy appraisals of their general bliss; the excellence, wellbeing, and area of the grounds; the solace of dormitories; the nature of food; the simplicity of getting around grounds and managing directors; the benevolence of individual understudies; the collaboration of various understudy types; and the nature of the school's relationship with the nearby community.† Just because this year in its rankings, Forbes utilized an understudy fulfillment review on Facebook where understudies were asked how fulfilled they were with their school from 1-5. Clearly, the rationale behind utilizing personal satisfaction estimations in rankings is that understudies ought to be glad in the event that they're going to a decent school. Aces of College Ranking Lists Find New Colleges School positioning records can acquaint you with universities that might be a solid match for you. I think this is presumably the most important thing about these rundowns. Numerous understudies are not as acquainted with littler, very much positioned schools. Seeing these schools on positioning records can incite an understudy to investigate them, concern them, and possibly go to a school he would not have recently thought of. For instance, schools like Harvey Mudd and Williams are phenomenal schools that may not be as esteemed or have a similar name acknowledgment as Harvard or Yale, yet they reliably rank profoundly in school positioning records. Give Extensive Data to You to Compare Schools In one positioning show, you can see the normal class size, secondary school GPA, or SAT/ACT score for a wide range of universities. These rundowns can offer you an asset for numerical correlations. In case you're thinking about a couple of various universities, you can allude to a rankings rundown to look at the accessible insights for each school and that may assist you with narrowing down your rundown of schools to apply to. Give You an Idea of What Others Think While the rankings can be questioned and these rundowns are abstract, school positioning records do give some knowledge into the notorieties of various universities. Graduate schools and bosses frequently consider the notorieties of various schools when they decide. Setting off to a #12 versus a #20 school will most likely have little effect on those choices; in any case, heading off to a #12 versus a #200 school could. Realize What You Need to Do to Be a Qualified Applicant A significant number of the positioning records give you the normal secondary school GPA, state sanctioned grades, and the level of understudies who graduate in the top 10% and 25% of their secondary school classes. From these numbers, you can figure out what you have to do to make yourself serious for admission to a particular school. On the off chance that you need to have a conventional shot at getting into a specific school, your numbers should contrast well with those of the normal understudy there. Cons of College Ranking Lists A portion of the models used to assess universities are profoundly emotional. For US News World Report, top scholastics and secondary school instructors answer review inquiries regarding other schools' scholarly projects. It is safe to say that they are very much educated enough to have instructed conclusions on the scholarly projects of universities they may have never worked at nor joined in? Is it accurate to say that they are simply depending on noise and the notorieties of these schools to respond to these inquiries? Additionally, some personal satisfaction evaluations may not represent normal differences in assessments. On the off chance that the grounds of a school in a provincial domain is positioned as delightful, that implies little for the understudy who inclines toward urban conditions and would locate the rustic grounds unappealing. A portion of the rules used to rank schools may have no genuine effect on your instructive experience. The pace of graduated class giving and selectivity of a school will likely not sway the nature of guidance you'll get at a specific school. Understudies can get excessively centered around the rankings as opposed to making sense of which school is the best fit for them. There's most likely very little distinction in the nature of instruction at a #5 school versus a #10 school. The #10 school might be a greatly improved fit for an understudy who could exceed expectations scholastically at both. At long last, schools are exceptionally spurred by the rankings. They'll persuade understudies who have minimal possibility of getting acknowledged to apply to expand their selectivity rating. They'll spend innumerable hours and gigantic assets hitting up graduated class for cash to up their graduated class giving rates. Maybe these schools could improve their scholarly projects or bolster administrations on the off chance that they dispensed their assets regardless of school rankings. School positioning records can be both acceptable and awful. What Do Some College Experts Think? By and large, in my exploration, the specialists on record appear to have reverberated a portion of my suppositions about school rankings. Jeffrey Brenzel, Dean of Admissions at Yale from 2005-2013, accepts that school positioning records are of constrained an incentive to understudies:

The U.N Humanitarian intervention in Syria PART 2 Case Study

The U.N Humanitarian mediation in Syria PART 2 - Case Study Example Article 1 and 2 of the Charter of the United Nations diagrams the significance of perceiving the power of countries and their self-determinacy (Repertoire of the act of the security committee 1). The contract denies part states from compellingly mediating in the inside issues of different states except if they either effectively look for the endorsement of the UN Security Council or respond to shield their fringes from outside powers. This has assumed a significant job in the philanthropic intercession, or absence of, in Syria. It has offered a snag for any country ready to intercede so as to end the present emergency present in Syria. This limitation additionally covers the foundation of no fly zones and giving weapons to the dissident powers in Syria (United Nations 1). It is accepted that amazing countries with perpetual seats in the Security Council have utilized this arrangement to leave any endeavor of intercession in Syria with Russia and China being the key denounced. At the point when the charges of the utilization of concoction weapons by the legislature of Syrian on regular folks and radicals in the district of Ghouta on 19 March 2013 surfaced, the United Nations set out on a reality discovering mission and introduced an accursing report that featured the utilization of sarin on regular citizens (United Nations 1). Thusly, the UN Security Council during its sittings demonstrated an uncommon solidarity and passed Resolution 2118 trying to guarantee that the utilization of compound weapons on regular people isn't rehashed. The goals requested the obliteration of the concoction weapons and denied the assembling, collection and move of synthetic weapons by Syria. Inability to stick to the conditions set, the Security Council may force punishments on Syria according to Chapter VII of the UN Charter (Repertoire of the act of the Security Council 1). The United Nations, along with the League of Arab States, has assumed a key job in the pursuit of a quiet political arrangement in Syria.

Health Care Policies in a Hospital Unit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social insurance Policies in a Hospital Unit - Essay Example This paper will address a necessary change in charging and recovering of installment from insurance agencies and patients in an emergency clinic unit. In medicinal services, a wellbeing approach can be characterized as an activity that is normally embraced so as to accomplish a specific human services objective inside the general public (Feldstein, 2011). There are a few classes of wellbeing arrangements in the social insurance framework. These arrangements are generally checked on so as to improve the administrations gave through the social insurance framework. The human services arrangements are planned for fathoming or tending to an issue inside the social insurance establishments. Scientists declare that the use in medicinal services is gradually outpacing the GDP in many nations. This paper will utilize a potential arrangement that can address the issue of charging and recovering of installment from insurance agencies and patients in the clinic unit. The production of an approac h as a rule incorporates three fundamental advances. These means incorporate the definition stage, authoritative stage and the usage stage. In the definition stage, the arrangements are generally investigated by proficient specialists in the clinical field. The administrative stage is the most fundamental stage in the formation of a strategy. This is the stage whereby the arrangement is established through the help of the officials (Feldstein, 2011). Ultimately, the usage stage is the last stage whereby the intercession of the approach is performed. For this situation, the bind exists in the charging office which additionally manages recovering of assets from insurance agencies. The installment framework in a social insurance establishment manages handling the installments for the administrations offered in the human services foundation. All together for the social insurance organizations to address this pickle, they ought to apply the compensation per execution arrangement. This ap proach is one of the rising patterns in medical coverage (Forman, 2008).

Using Environmental Essay Samples For Your Problem Statement

Using Environmental Essay Samples For Your Problem StatementEnvironmental essay samples can be used in different ways by an academic in a thesis or dissertation. It can also be used as a self-review for students. However, the latter is definitely more effective since it gives a chance to choose a topic and write in-depth about a topic that you are more interested in. The essay can also serve as a review of a topic that has already been covered in a similar manner.You should start your environmental problem statement with the goal to use some old techniques or theories that have been utilized by the past generations. This includes old concepts such as Karl Marx's economic theory. After all, if your topic is environmentalism, it would not be surprising if you end up using his theories on communism and socialism, if they were applicable to your case.The problem statement is the first thing you need to address before going on to the next phase, which is the analysis of the big portion of the overall problem. Based on the three components, you would then be able to evaluate which one is the most significant to tackle first. Once this is done, you would then have the opportunity to address the second component that you thought should be the biggest concern.After that, you could be well on your way to the end of your problem statement, depending on how far you have come with the first two components. As a result, you would then be in a position to concentrate on the final one.There are lots of environmental essay samples for this type of problem statement. However, you would be well advised to use essays that have been written by individuals who can share their experiences. You could also use books that have been written about the subject.The environmental problem statement is one of the most effective methods that can be used to increase your students' interest in the environment. It does not only focus on students; it also gives them an opportunity to learn more abo ut the subject and gain new perspectives on the whole process. The more students that you are able to teach about the subject, the better because this means that you will have more students to teach as well.However, environmental essay samples are not the only source of information. You could also use magazines and other publications, as long as you keep in mind that they should be informative and entertaining, not just a plain academic exercise. Remember that once you have covered these three parts of the problem statement, you would need to add the fourth component. This is the last one, and you would need to be careful in the details.Use essay samples and environmental essay samples in your problem statement to make sure that your students are knowledgeable and informed about the subject. After all, if they are not aware of some key facts, then your goals will become distant from reality.

If the Obama were a unit of measure . . .

If the Obama were a unit of measure . . . Wait, have you heard? I mean, its only been published all over the MIT homepage, in three or four different blog entries, all over the news, and is the talk of campus. . . President Obama came and visited on Friday(!), giving an address on clean energy. As prestigious as MIT is, and as brilliant as some of the professors are, we still get super excited when something like this happens (kind of equivalent to when famous baseball players ask for autographs from the people theyre playing against). The announcement was on Tuesday, with MIT only finding out about the visit the weekend before. MIT went into scramble mode, which is always fun to watch. It doesnt go into scramble mode very often, the only other times Ive seen it are immediately prior to CPW and before the Dalai Lama came and visited. Scramble mode, if youll let me draw another comparison, is like when you have 10 minutes before your parents come upstairs to check to see if you cleaned your room. MIT was repairing buildings, pressure washing everything in sight, replacing windows, emptying stores of hazardous chemicals, and beautifying MIT just as fast as they possibly could. All of this was fine and good, and I kind of enjoyed watching how MIT prioritized what was being cleaned where (you could pretty much predict the route Obama was going to take based on how clean the sidewalk was), but I expected that to be the most of my Obama-Visit-Experience. Word on the street was that MIT, as an entire institute, had received 200 tickets to allocate however they saw fit. That means all of the faculty, administration, undergraduates, and graduate students had to share 200 tickets. In the end, 50 of those tickets went to undergraduates, typically those who are doing some kind of work with energy or that deans felt would benefit the most from Obamas address. Needless to say, the MechE student who doesnt have a UROP and would rather build toys than wind farms was not chosen for a ticket. So that was that, Id stalk around and try to get some money shots of snipers and motorcades but in terms of actually seeing the president speak, it was a no go. That is, until I realized I worked for the Admissions office. Hmmmmm, I write for a website that prospective students read so that they can see what cool opportunities await them at MIT. This seems like a cool opportunity . . . I smell a PRESS PASS! Turns out, Jess had a similar idea, and both of us e-mailed the powers at be (Dave) and asked if we could have press passes. 2 days and many strings pulled later, guess who had tickets to the address! WEEEEE! Seriously. This was cool stuff. Everybody all over campus was abuzz about how only 50 students were going to be chosen and complaining about how more should be invited etc, and now all of a sudden I was going to see the President! On Thursday evening, the evening before Obama arrived, the Secret Service and Security had taken over MIT. All of the garbage cans from around Kresge (the auditorium) were trucked off, all the manholes and steam vents were welded shut (seriously) and tons of other invisible-to-me security measures were enacted. Friday morning I woke up at 7:00 after having gone to bed at 4:30 (PSETs are brutal). I dressed nicely and headed to lab to get some work done before the big event. I made sure to bring my ticket with me: On my way to campus I noticed that it was a little more difficult this morning, difficult enough that they provided signs. and had everything blocked off with cones I spent some time in lab, built some yoyos (my team is getting REALLY excited about these yoyos, theyre actually coming out how we expected, and were 2 weeks ahead of all the other teams), and then went to get in line. The ticket told me to get in line at 10:30AM. I got there at 10:00AM and what did it look like? Yeah. I was like, last. Ok, Im last in every line that I join, but you know what I mean. Time went fast, luckily enough, because eavesdropping on people attending an Obama address is AWESOME! Lets see, the guy in front of me helped design Fenway park, somebody behind me appeared to know every single congressman ever, and so on and so forth. I was standing next to Julia 13, who also got a ticket (one of the 50, as a freshman!), and we chatted about how we were totally out of our element, about how excited we were, about security, about whether we were going to see Marine 1 or a motorcade, etc. Oh, speaking of snipers, we spotted this guy chilling on the Z-center. Whats that black dot? Ah. Sniper. Gotcha. Eventually we wound our way into the auditorium (after three ticket checks) and towards the metal detector. The metal detector was relatively routine, until they saw my smartpen*. You see, the plan was to make a pencast of the address, taking digital notes and recording Obamas voice on my pen. Guess what the Secret Service had never heard of before. My pen. I had to explain what it did, let them pass it around (almost gave them a demo), and eventually they cleared it. I didnt beep so I didnt get frisked or wanded, and then Julia and I headed inside. We saw a bunch of empty seats up front that we immediately headed for, only to realize that we werent nearly special enough to sit in those seats. We ended up about 7 rows back and on the right side of the auditorium. It was 10:30. The speech started at 12:30. We werent allowed to leave. We didnt know anybody. Whats one to do? Take pictures and wander of course. I wanted to hobnob with the important people but Im pretty sure they didnt want to talk to me. Professor Sadoway was a little less afraid, standing up at the front with the senators and mayors, presumably talking about his research. I feel like this is the Ok, which multi-millionaire can I tell about my battery research next? look. Then I took some pictures of the scene around me. The first thing I noticed, surprisingly, was the amount of room the news cameras took up. No wonder they couldnt invite more than 200 people from MIT, 200 more seats were taken up by cameras! Sam Range 13 (my prefrosh for CPW last year) is a photographer for The Tech and was forced to hang out behind all of the video cameras in the roped off area. He got some good pictures though, Ill show you one later. Next was the stage, all decked out for the occasion. The flags all looked identical, and the lady next to me told me the trick. They put a coat hanger up inside the flags at the top to give them similar angles, and then tape the back of the flag to the flag pole so they all lay flat. Betcha didnt know that! The shrubberies were a nice touch, but we couldnt figure out what those black screens were for, flanking the podium. The nearest we could figure, Secret Service was just laying behind them, waiting for something bad to happen so they could jump up and go all ninja on everybody. Makes sense, right? Right. After two hours of waiting, I made my way to my seat. A lady came out onto the stage, was introduced, and sang the National Anthem (very well) and we all cheered, remaining on our feet. We stood there awkwardly for about 2 minutes, completely silent, expecting the President to be announced, but nothing happened. Eventually the sound guys played the same classical music theyd been playing for the last two hours and we all laughed and sat down for another 15-20 minutes. Soon a man came out and put the seal on the front of the podium, and we all got quiet again, expecting something to happen. False alarm. After some more waiting and more classical music (and talking about MIT Admissions with the woman next to me, who knows somebody applying this year), a side door opened and some bigwigs came in, including the governor and the mayor. Everybody clapped really loudly, this must be it! Then, from the other side of the auditorium, my side (like, 20 feet in front of me), John Kerry walked in. So, the thing about John Kerry is that, well, he looks EXACTLY like John Kerry. No joke, its like Hey! Thats the guy from JibJab! Try JibJab Sendables ¬Ã† eCards today! The gravity of this whole thing kind of clicked in when I saw John Kerry. Hes an important guy, and hes just standing right there! Like, RIGHT there, in front of me. I could throw my cell phone at him and hit him (itd be the last thing I ever did, but I could have!). Then, all of a sudden, we heard it. A voice, as if from god, saying: Now, introducing our speaker, the President of MIT, Susan Hockfield! False Alarm AGAIN! No offense Dr. Hockfield, but you werent the most important president in the room right then. Susan Hockfield came up and gave a nice introduction, welcoming us, and then said It is my great pleasure to introduce Professor Moniz! GAH! Another False Alarm! I couldnt take much more! Finally, FINALLY, Professor Moniz said And now, the President of the United States, Barack Obama! (not an exact quote, but you get the idea). The room roared and leaped professionally to its feet. There he was. Barack Obama strolled across the stage. Our stage. The stage that we put a moonbounce on just for kicks. The stage that Ive stood on dozens of times. The stage that was presently 30 feet away from me. The President. GAH! You can feel it, you know, when he walks on stage. For some reason it becomes immediately obvious just how important this guy is, hes in charge of our country. Country, as in all the people Ive ever met. He began his speech the way most do, and Ill save you the specifics because I took notes and you can listen to it yourself. I will take the opportunity to show you a picture I took of Obama with my very own camera. Thats right, the President is in my camera. and heres the picture Sam Range took. His is, um, better. But mine looks more amateur (which = real). So go ahead and listen to his speech, or at least the first several lines when he rags on Harvard and praises MIT hackers (score++). Youll want to skip ahead to about 27 minutes into this pencast. I paused the pen during recording, which apparently just inserts silence into the recording, which a stupid implementation that Livescribe needs to fix. Anyway, wait for it to buffer about halfway and then either click the word Introducing in the top left or drag the slider to the 27:00 mark. Live from President Obamas Clean Energy Address at MIT brought to you by Livescribe And like that, it was all over. Obama left on the left side of the stage and headed down the front row, shaking hands with all of the important people on his way out. This was going to be the chance when I could get closest to him, and I had a mission. Mission? Allow me to explain. The floor I live on at MIT has this silly little tradition of assigning units of measure to people, units that measure something that person is known for. For example, 1 Snively is equivalent to 1 byte wasted on the Internet. A Tang is a measure of orthogonality to normal conversation (meaning 90 degrees of Tang will sever a conversation clean in two, creating a really uncomfortable silence) and an Itani is the unit of negative tact (meaning if you are tactless, you get 1 Itani). You can read more about the origins of this tradition here. Several years ago, ex-blogger Sam Maurer 07 visited the set of the Colbert Report and decided that he should ask Stephen Colbert what his unit was. The fact that he actually asked Stephen Colbert, in person, is somewhat legendary. Now, I was about to be in the same room as the President of the United States. There was no WAY I was leaving that room without asking President Obama what his unit would measure. I didnt know how it was going to happen, but it was going to, and it might involve scolding by important members of the audience and the Secret Service, but once in a lifetime opportunities only come once. So, as I said, Obama was going to walk right in front of me. I pushed my way up to the second row of seats but was way too short for Obama to see me, so in the words of James 11, I went in guns blazing. I climbed onto the armrests of the chairs and stood about 3 feet above everybody else. Obama was RIGHT there! I struck: PRESIDENT OBAMA! I screamed, PRESIDENT OBAMA! he looked at me. IF THE OBAMA WERE A UNIT OF MEASURE, WHAT WOULD IT MEASURE??? he smiled and shook somebodys hand. Every around me laughed and told me it was an awesome question and that I should try asking again. Obama was getting closer to the door, I only had one more chance. PRESIDENT OBAMA! he looked at me and said Hi! Totally unfazed by the fact that Barack Obama had just said Hi to me, I tried again. IF THE OBAMA WERE A UNIT OF MEASURE, WHAT WOULD IT MEASURE!? he just smiled again. And then he was gone. And then I got tapped on the leg. I looked down and a member of the MIT event staff looked up at me. Secret Service is going to ask you to get down. This I knew, so I got down off the chairs and stopped making a scene. Those people who have met me know that I can be very loud when necessary, so anybody within a 30 foot radius of me had heard me yelling at the President (and seen me because I was standing on chairs). Im pretty sure I had instantly been flagged by Secret Service and they were on their way over. Sure enough, once I was on the ground, I was met by my favorite humor-less suited friends. Next time please stay on the ground. Ok. I said. Sure. Next time. Next time Im that close to the President Ill make sure not to climb on chairs. Roger. is what I thought. So, the verdict on Obamas unit? Unless he officially rebukes this and offers an alternative unit, the official unit of Obama is equivalent to Smiling at somebody and subsequently completely ignoring them. If you hear somebody, smile at them, and then ignore one, youve earned 1 Obama. The end! I mean, after that I grabbed some lunch and went to lab to crank out yoyos. A once in a lifetime opportunity to be sure. Its not every day that you get to see snipers, the President, and he says hi to you while you make a scene and draw the gazes of all the Secret Service agents in the room. But it was a good day. A gooooooood day. *According to new revisions to section 255.5 of the FTC Guides Governing Endorsements and Testimonials, Im obliged to inform you that Im currently employed as a marketer by Livescribe, manufacturer of the Pulse Smartpen. You are so informed. Post Tagged #Unit of Measure

E-examination System/Online Examination System - 1375 Words

E-examination System/Online Examination System (Coursework Sample) Content: Individual Report E-examination System/Online Examination SystemStudent NameUniversity/CollegeDate of SubmissionTitle: Online Examination System for CEPS1.1 Requirements Gathering ProcessI conducted the requirements gathering process via questionnaires. The design, evaluation and administration of survey questionnaires constituted an elaborate process that required significant input of resources. Thus so as to reduce measurement errors, we sought to be well versed with the design and evaluation process of survey questionnaires. Secondly, i endeavored to understand diverse sources of measurement error that could possibly jeopardize data quality and credibility. The questionnaire design and evaluation is a basic survey process model. I made use of the process model that encompasses eight overlapping phases. In phase 1, i used observation which is the most fundamental tenet of research. During this phase, i observed the activities, behaviors and events within multifacete d contexts. I employed the bottom up questionnaire processing approach. I took this approach bearing in mind that what both respondents and interviewers receive through observation is important, given that a significant disparity between the survey participants and content specialists knowledge of the subject matter could render the entire process of evaluating questionnaires difficult. Consequently, i sought to determine what my target populations (CEPS students) know about the subject matter (e-examination systems). To achieve this objective, i drafted interview questions that would establish the respondents knowledge of e-examination systems, how they acquired this knowledge and also how accurate and reliable their knowledge of the subject matter was.In the second phase, I sought to determine the observation based knowledge of the subject matter expert team members and in particular I interviewed the questionnaire content specialists team members. Moreover, I also interviewed ind ividuals who share similar characteristics with the probable survey participants. This approach emphasizes expert observation of the correspondents behavior and attributes. In phase 3, also referred to as conceptualization phase, I studied my domain of interest which was online examination systems and I organized it into concepts-based categories (Beatty, 1995). I assumed the primary responsibility for observation and conceptualization and the execution of other tasks related to conceptualization of the subject matter. During phase 4 also referred to as the assessment phase, I sought for an independent professional observer to check and correct my conceptual knowledge and assumptions in order to minimize errors. During Phase 5, also known as the operationalization phase, I assumed the task of translating survey concepts into questionnaire items (Tourangeau, 1984). In Phase 6, also known as OP assessment or questionnaire pretesting phase, I collaborated with my other team members who acted as content specialists to draft a plan for testing the draft questionnaire to ascertain its operational functionality. I begun the testing with an assessment of how various research participants process questionnaire cognitively through understanding, deduction and opinion (Willis, 1991). Nonetheless, there also exist other methods of testing questionnaires.Phase 7, also known as the administration phase comes after the conclusion of the pretesting phase. During this phase, I iterated between phases1 to 6 to determine the necessity for modifications. Hence after the completion of questionnaire and metadata modifications, I finalized the questionnaire in readiness for the production environment. Finally, the questionnaire entered phase eight, also referred to as the quality assessment phase. During this phase, I conducted a post-implementation quality assessment test periodically to establish whether or not the questionnaire was effectively capturing and measuring the concepts that our group had specified (Udman Bradburn, 1982).1.2 Critical evaluation of the requirements gathering approachThe approach that we used incorporates inter-depended sources of measuring error occurrence during the questionnaire administration phase. Thus Latek defines measurement error as the disparities that occur between respondents attributes when matched with the survey responses (Latek, 1985). He further differentiates four different sources of measurement error which he identified as the interviewer, respondent, the questionnaire and the data collection method (1985, pp.163-166). Thus in describing measurement that emanate from our questionnaire, its fundamental that a clear distinction be made between the contribution of our group members acting as content specialists, and those acting as design specialists. This distinction is critical given that each group was assigned a different role in the questionnaire design and evaluation process and also considering that each gr oup posses specialized skills for handling issues and problems that could be either technical or conceptual (Schwarz, 1996). Hence evaluated from a functional standpoint, content and design specialist members constituted an integrated working team which we also called the questionnaire design and evaluation team (Latek, 1985). On the other hand, the team members that included the interviewer, the respondent and the data collection methodologies were referred to as the data collection team. The content specialists played a pivotal role in the observation and conceptualization phase where their primary responsibility was to design the questionnaire and define the subject domain (Akkerboom Dehue, 1997). They also defined key subject concepts and categories while also differentiating theoretical variables. The role of design specialists of which I was a member was to transform conceptual specifications submitted by content specialists and come up with a comprehensible and clear questio nnaire items. This was a challenging endeavor given that the conceptual specifications were unclear and needed to be clearly defined. I acted as the lead interviewer and my primary mandate was to administer the survey questionnaire in a standardized fashion while significantly minimizing measurement error (Willis, 1991). As the interviewer, I had to take in insurmountable blame from both content and design specialists as the primary source of measurement error. However, some of the blame was misplaced given that some sources of measurement error had emanated from the initial questionnaire design and evaluation work. In order to improve questionnaire quality, its imperative that cognitive errors that may occur in each phase of administering the questionnaire be checked (Belson, 1981). We employed various strategies for identifying questionnaire related anomalies, thereby significantly reducing measurement error. Thus respondents must be motivated to fully take part in the survey by e ngaging them in fulfilling behavior that would consequently diminish their contribution to the overall measurement error. As one of the interviewers, I engaged the respondents in a more gratifying one-on-one interaction that motivated them to give credible responses thereby greatly reducing the measurement error. In addition, data collection method has a significant effect on the degree of the measurement error (Akkerboom Dehue, 1997).Design and evaluation of the questionnaire was potentially iterative and bidirectional as various phases had to be reviewed and necessary modifications effected. I noted that measurement error seemed to be coming from the various roles and tasks that we expedited as a team, and particularly from the survey administrative phase. We noted that measurement error could be significantly reduced if we as the design and evaluation team had a better definition of the tasks related to the observation and conceptualization phase (Akkerboom Dehue, 1997). This c ould have been achieved if the survey sponsors, notably CEPS would have provided a comprehensive documentation of the proposed e-examination system. Besides, measurement error could have been drastically reduced if design specialists in our team would have worked in collaboration with the subject matter experts to submit the necessary requirements for effectual evaluation of the work (Schwarz, 1995). Submission of documentation for the envisaged online examination system by the CEPS would have empowered the design team members to effectively interpret survey concepts so as to derive relevant questionnaire items. Therefore given that we did not receive documentation for the proposed online examination system, our design team was ill prepared to handle the development and evaluation process (Willis, Royston Bercini, 1991).1.3 Discussion of alternative approachesDespite its widespread usage in capturing research data, questionnaires have limitations that make them inappropriate for us e in certain research scenarios. There exist two other approaches of data collection that we could have opted for. These are personal and phone interviews. Personal interview would have been the most viable alternative approach given its numerous benefits. The benefits of using personal interview include richness of response, allows room to elucidate misconceptions, permits interviewers to follow up responses and finally, measurement error is significantly reduced (Schwarz Sudman, 1996). When this alternative approach is followed, better data is captured as compared to the use of questionnaires. It has also been established that respondents are more conscientious during personal interviews due to the presence of the interviewer, unlike questionnaires. Moreover, there is a higher response rate when personal interview approach is used compared to the questionnaire.A...